Isaiah 21:4

תָּעָ֣ה לְבָבִ֔י פַּלָּצ֖וּת בִּֽעֲתָ֑תְנִי אֵ֚ת נֶ֣שֶׁף חִשְׁקִ֔י שָׂ֥ם לִ֖י לַחֲרָדָֽה׃

My heart has wandered, terror has startled me; the twilight of my delight he has set for me as trembling.

 

Morphology

  1. תָּעָ֣ה (taʿah) – Root: תעה (taʿah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has wandered”; Notes: Describes disorientation or inner confusion, often emotional or spiritual.
  2. לְבָבִ֔י (levavi) – Root: לבב (levav); Form: Noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my heart”; Notes: Represents inner being—mind, emotions, and will.
  3. פַּלָּצ֖וּת (pallatsut) – Root: פּלץ (palats); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “terror”; Notes: Conveys a strong, overwhelming sense of dread or horror.
  4. בִּֽעֲתָ֑תְנִי (biʿatatni) – Root: בעת (baʿat); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “has startled me”; Notes: Indicates being shaken or alarmed, especially by something dreadful.
  5. אֵ֚ת (et) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Introduces the object of the verb “he has set.”
  6. נֶ֣שֶׁף (neshef) – Root: נשף (neshef); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “twilight”; Notes: Often refers to evening or early night; symbol of reflection or desire here.
  7. חִשְׁקִ֔י (ḥishqi) – Root: חשק (ḥashaq); Form: Noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my delight”; Notes: Refers to something longed for or deeply desired.
  8. שָׂ֥ם (sam) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he has set”; Notes: Indicates a deliberate placement or transformation.
  9. לִ֖י (li) – Root: —; Form: Preposition לְ + first person singular suffix; Translation: “for me”; Notes: Marks the recipient of the action.
  10. לַחֲרָדָֽה (la-ḥaradah) – Root: חרד (ḥarad); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “as trembling”; Notes: Twilight, once desired, is now redefined by fear or panic.

 

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