Isaiah 21:7

וְרָ֣אָה רֶ֗כֶב צֶ֚מֶד פָּֽרָשִׁ֔ים רֶ֥כֶב חֲמֹ֖ור רֶ֣כֶב גָּמָ֑ל וְהִקְשִׁ֥יב קֶ֖שֶׁב רַב־קָֽשֶׁב׃

And he saw a chariot with a pair of horsemen, a chariot of donkey, a chariot of camel; and he listened attentively with great attentiveness.

 

Morphology

  1. וְרָ֣אָה (ve-raʾah) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “And he saw”; Notes: Continuation of the watchman’s vision.
  2. רֶ֗כֶב (rekhev) – Root: רכב (rakhav); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a chariot”; Notes: Generic term for a war or transport vehicle drawn by animals.
  3. צֶ֚מֶד (tsemed) – Root: צמד (tsamad); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a pair”; Notes: Used in the construct “pair of horsemen.”
  4. פָּֽרָשִׁ֔ים (parashim) – Root: פרשׁ (parash); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “horsemen”; Notes: Cavalry soldiers, paired for battle or scouting.
  5. רֶ֥כֶב (rekhev) – Root: רכב (rakhav); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a chariot”; Notes: Repeated to describe additional types.
  6. חֲמֹ֖ור (ḥamor) – Root: חמר (ḥamor); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “donkey”; Notes: Indicates a chariot drawn by donkey(s)—a slower or humbler vehicle.
  7. רֶ֣כֶב (rekhev) – Root: רכב (rakhav); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a chariot”; Notes: Third reference, now specifying camel transport.
  8. גָּמָ֑ל (gamal) – Root: גמל (gamal); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “camel”; Notes: Camels imply a long-range or desert transport context.
  9. וְהִקְשִׁ֥יב (ve-hiqshiv) – Root: קשב (qashav); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “And he listened attentively”; Notes: Intensive listening or observation by the watchman.
  10. קֶ֖שֶׁב (qeshev) – Root: קשב (qashav); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “attentiveness”; Notes: Abstract noun for the act of careful listening or watching.
  11. רַב־קָֽשֶׁב (rav-qashev) – Root: רב (rav) + קשב (qashav); Form: Adjective + noun masculine singular; Translation: “great attentiveness”; Notes: Emphasizes the intensity and focus of the watchman’s attention.

 

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