כִּ֣י יֹום֩ מְהוּמָ֨ה וּמְבוּסָ֜ה וּמְבוּכָ֗ה לַֽאדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָאֹ֖ות בְּגֵ֣יא חִזָּיֹ֑ון מְקַרְקַ֥ר קִ֖ר וְשֹׁ֥ועַ אֶל־הָהָֽר׃
For it is a day of confusion, and of trampling, and of perplexity to the Lord YHWH of Hosts, in the Valley of Vision, a battering down of Qir, and a cry to the mountain.
Morphology
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces an explanation or cause.
- יֹום (yom) – Root: יום; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “day”; Notes: Temporal designation.
- מְהוּמָה (mehumah) – Root: הום; Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “confusion,” “uproar”; Notes: Associated with chaos or panic.
- וּמְבוּסָה (umevusah) – Root: בוס; Form: Conjunction + noun, feminine singular; Translation: “and trampling”; Notes: Related to destruction and trampling underfoot.
- וּמְבוּכָה (umevukhah) – Root: בוך; Form: Conjunction + noun, feminine singular; Translation: “and perplexity”; Notes: Refers to dismay or helpless confusion.
- לַאדֹנָי (la-Adonai) – Root: אדון; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “to the Lord”; Notes: Refers to divine ownership or sovereignty.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: היה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine Name of God.
- צְבָאֹות (tseva’ot) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun, feminine plural in construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Often describes YHWH as leader of heavenly armies.
- בְּגֵיא (be-geʾ) – Root: גיא; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “in the valley”; Notes: Indicates location.
- חִזָּיֹון (ḥizzayon) – Root: חזה; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “vision”; Notes: Often refers to prophetic revelation. Here, possibly the Valley of Vision (Jerusalem).
- מְקַרְקַר (meqarkar) – Root: קרר; Form: Piel participle masculine singular; Translation: “battering down”; Notes: Intense form of verb, implies vigorous attack.
- קִר (Qir) – Root: קיר; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Qir”; Notes: A place or nation, involved in prophetic judgments.
- וְשֹׁועַ (ve-shoʿa) – Root: שׁוע; Form: Conjunction + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and a cry”; Notes: Denotes a loud outcry, often in distress or battle.
- אֶל־הָהָר (el-ha-har) – Root: הר; Form: Preposition + definite noun, masculine singular; Translation: “to the mountain”; Notes: Possibly metaphorical or literal geographic reference.