כִּ֤י הֵשַׁח֙ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י מָרֹ֔ום קִרְיָ֖ה נִשְׂגָּבָ֑ה יַשְׁפִּילֶ֤נָּה יַשְׁפִּילָהּ֙ עַד־אֶ֔רֶץ יַגִּיעֶ֖נָּה עַד־עָפָֽר׃
For He has brought low the inhabitants of the height, the exalted city; He will humble it, He will humble it to the earth, He will bring it down to the dust.
Morphology
- כִּ֤י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces an explanation or reason.
- הֵשַׁח (heshiaḥ) – Root: שׁחח; Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He has brought low”; Notes: Causative form indicating a divine act of humbling.
- יֹשְׁבֵי (yoshevei) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “inhabitants of”; Notes: Construct with following noun.
- מָרֹום (marom) – Root: רום; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “height”; Notes: Refers to a lofty place, often symbolic of pride or exaltation.
- קִרְיָה (qiryah) – Root: קריה; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “city”; Notes: Often used poetically for an established or fortified city.
- נִשְׂגָּבָה (nisgavah) – Root: שׂגב; Form: Nifal participle feminine singular; Translation: “exalted”; Notes: Indicates status or pride; agrees with “city.”
- יַשְׁפִּילֶנָּה (yashpileinnah) – Root: שׁפל; Form: Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “He will humble her”; Notes: Refers to the city as feminine.
- יַשְׁפִּילָהּ (yashpilah) – Root: שׁפל; Form: Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “He will humble her”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis.
- עַד־אֶרֶץ (ʿad-ʾerets) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “to the earth”; Notes: Indicates extent of the humbling.
- יַגִּיעֶנָּה (yaggiʿennah) – Root: נגע; Form: Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “He will bring her”; Notes: Continued divine action toward abasement.
- עַד־עָפָר (ʿad-ʿafar) – Root: עפר; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the dust”; Notes: Ultimate level of humiliation and judgment.