Isaiah 32:11

חִרְדוּ֙ שַֽׁאֲנַנֹּ֔ות רְגָ֖זָה בֹּֽטְחֹ֑ות פְּשֹׁ֣טָֽה וְעֹ֔רָה וַחֲגֹ֖ורָה עַל־חֲלָצָֽיִם׃

Tremble, O complacent women; quake, O confident ones; strip yourselves and be bare, and gird sackcloth upon the loins.

Morphology

1. חִרְדוּ֙ (ḥirdu) – Root: חרד; Form: Qal imperative 2nd person feminine plural; Translation: “Tremble!”; Notes: A command addressed to a group of women.
2. שַֽׁאֲנַנֹּ֔ות (shaʾanannot) – Root: שאנ; Form: Participle, feminine plural; Translation: “complacent women”; Notes: Denotes overconfidence or carelessness.
3. רְגָ֖זָה (regazah) – Root: רגז; Form: Qal imperative 2nd person feminine singular (or a rare noun form used imperatively); Translation: “quake!”; Notes: May serve poetically as a call to fear, parallel to “tremble.”
4. בֹּֽטְחֹ֑ות (boṭḥot) – Root: בטח; Form: Participle, feminine plural; Translation: “confident ones”; Notes: Like the previous participle, targets a specific social class.
5. פְּשֹׁ֣טָֽה (peshoṭah) – Root: פשט; Form: Qal imperative 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “strip yourself”; Notes: A call to mourning ritual or humiliation.
6. וְעֹ֔רָה (veʿorah) – Root: ערה; Form: Qal imperative 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “be bare”; Notes: Reinforces the mourning imagery.
7. וַחֲגֹ֖ורָה (vaḥagorah) – Root: חגר; Form: Qal imperative 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “and gird [yourself]”; Notes: Another mourning action, usually with sackcloth.
8. עַל־חֲלָצָֽיִם (ʿal-ḥalatsayim) – Root: חלץ; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine plural; Translation: “upon the loins”; Notes: The loins symbolize vulnerability and deep distress.