עַל־שָׁדַ֖יִם סֹֽפְדִ֑ים עַל־שְׂדֵי־חֶ֕מֶד עַל־גֶּ֖פֶן פֹּרִיָּֽה׃
Upon the breasts they beat in mourning, for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vine.
Morphology
- עַל־שָׁדַ֖יִם (ʿal-shadayim) – Root: שדד; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine dual; Translation: “upon the breasts”; Notes: Symbolic of grief or mourning gestures, often in feminine mourning rites.
- סֹֽפְדִ֑ים (sofḏim) – Root: ספד; Form: Qal active participle, masculine plural; Translation: “mourning” or “lamenting”; Notes: Mourning action directed toward what follows.
- עַל־שְׂדֵי־חֶ֕מֶד (ʿal-sedei-ḥemed) – Root: שדה (field) + חמד (delight); Form: Preposition + construct noun + absolute noun; Translation: “for the pleasant fields”; Notes: Construct chain expressing beauty or desirability.
- עַל־גֶּ֖פֶן (ʿal-gefen) – Root: גפן; Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular; Translation: “for the vine”; Notes: Common biblical symbol of abundance or prosperity.
- פֹּרִיָּֽה (poriyyah) – Root: פרה; Form: Qal active participle, feminine singular with paragogic heh; Translation: “fruitful”; Notes: Describes the vine’s productivity, reinforcing imagery of lost fertility.