Isaiah 32:10

יָמִים֙ עַל־שָׁנָ֔ה תִּרְגַּ֖זְנָה בֹּֽטְחֹ֑ות כִּ֚י כָּלָ֣ה בָצִ֔יר אֹ֖סֶף בְּלִ֥י יָבֹֽוא׃

Days over a year you shall tremble, O confident women; for the harvest is finished, the ingathering shall not come.

Morphology

1. יָמִים֙ (yamim) – Root: יום; Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “days”; Notes: Refers to a limited time period, possibly poetic emphasis for urgency.
2. עַל־שָׁנָ֔ה (ʿal-shanah) – Root: שנה; Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular; Translation: “over a year” or “after a year”; Notes: Temporal phrase indicating the beginning or span of coming distress.
3. תִּרְגַּ֖זְנָה (tirgaznah) – Root: רגז; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person feminine plural; Translation: “you shall tremble”; Notes: Direct address to a group of women, conveying dread or fear of coming judgment.
4. בֹּֽטְחֹ֑ות (boṭḥot) – Root: בטח; Form: Participle, feminine plural; Translation: “confident [women]”; Notes: Repetition from previous verse; confidence shown as misplaced.
5. כִּ֚י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces reason or cause for trembling.
6. כָלָ֣ה (kalah) – Root: כלה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is finished”; Notes: Refers to the end or exhaustion of the harvest.
7. בָצִ֔יר (batsir) – Root: בצר; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “harvest”; Notes: Likely grape harvest, indicating agricultural loss.
8. אֹ֖סֶף (osef) – Root: אסף; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “ingathering”; Notes: Possibly autumn harvest, complementary to the vintage.
9. בְּלִ֥י (beli) – Root: בלי; Form: Preposition/adverb; Translation: “without”; Notes: Denotes negation or absence.
10. יָבֹֽוא (yavo) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall come”; Notes: Predicts the ingathering will not arrive.