עַד־יֵ֨עָרֶ֥ה עָלֵ֛ינוּ ר֖וּחַ מִמָּרֹ֑ום וְהָיָ֤ה מִדְבָּר֙ לַכַּרְמֶ֔ל וְהַכַּרְמֶ֖ל לַיַּ֥עַר יֵחָשֵֽׁב׃
Until a spirit is poured out upon us from on high, and the wilderness shall become like the orchard, and the orchard shall be reckoned as a forest.
Morphology
- עַד־ (ʿad) – Root: עד; Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Introduces the condition for change.
- יֵ֨עָרֶ֥ה (yeʿareh) – Root: ערה; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “is poured out”; Notes: Passive; subject is רוח, God’s spirit.
- עָלֵ֛ינוּ (ʿaleinu) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 1st person plural pronominal suffix; Translation: “upon us”; Notes: Target of the pouring.
- רוּחַ (ruaḥ) – Root: רוח; Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “spirit”; Notes: Can also imply “wind” or “breath”; here, likely God’s Spirit.
- מִמָּרֹ֑ום (mimmarom) – Root: מרום; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “from on high”; Notes: Indicates divine source.
- וְהָיָ֤ה (vehayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and it shall become”; Notes: Sequential narrative shift.
- מִדְבָּר֙ (midbar) – Root: דבר; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “wilderness”; Notes: Desolate or uninhabited land.
- לַכַּרְמֶ֔ל (lakkarmel) – Root: כרמל; Form: Preposition + noun with definite article; Translation: “like the orchard”; Notes: Indicates transformation from barrenness to fertility.
- וְהַכַּרְמֶ֖ל (vehakarmel) – Root: כרמל; Form: Conjunction + noun with definite article; Translation: “and the orchard”; Notes: Repetition used to form a second transformation.
- לַיַּ֥עַר (layyaʿar) – Root: יער; Form: Preposition + noun with definite article; Translation: “like the forest”; Notes: Implies further increase in vegetation and density.
- יֵחָשֵֽׁב (yeḥashev) – Root: חשב; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “shall be reckoned”; Notes: Passive; expresses valuation or classification.