הֹ֣וי שֹׁודֵ֗ד וְאַתָּה֙ לֹ֣א שָׁד֔וּד וּבֹוגֵ֖ד וְלֹא־בָ֣גְדוּ בֹ֑ו כַּהֲתִֽמְךָ֤ שֹׁודֵד֙ תּוּשַּׁ֔ד כַּנְּלֹתְךָ֥ לִבְגֹּ֖ד יִבְגְּדוּ־בָֽךְ׃ ס
Woe to you, destroyer, though you have not been destroyed, and traitor, though none has betrayed you! When you finish destroying, you shall be destroyed; when you cease betraying, they shall betray you.
Morphology
- הֹ֣וי (hoy) – Root: הוי; Form: Interjection; Translation: “Woe”; Notes: A cry of lament or prophetic warning.
- שֹׁודֵ֗ד (shoded) – Root: שדד; Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “destroyer”; Notes: Describes someone actively engaged in plundering.
- וְאַתָּה֙ (ve-atta) – Root: אתה; Form: Conjunction + independent pronoun 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and you”; Notes: Adds emphasis to the subject.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Standard negation.
- שָׁד֔וּד (shadud) – Root: שדד; Form: Qal passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “been destroyed”; Notes: Describes a state of not having been ravaged.
- וּבֹוגֵ֖ד (u-voged) – Root: בגד; Form: Conjunction + Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “and traitor”; Notes: A parallel term to ‘destroyer’.
- וְלֹא־בָ֣גְדוּ (ve-lo-vagdu) – Root: בגד; Form: Conjunction + negative + Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “though none betrayed”; Notes: Describes the reciprocal injustice.
- בֹ֑ו (bo) – Root: בוא; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers back to the traitor.
- כַּהֲתִֽמְךָ֤ (ka-hatimkha) – Root: תם; Form: Preposition + infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “when you finish”; Notes: Refers to completing the action of destruction.
- שֹׁודֵד֙ (shoded) – Root: שדד; Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “destroying”; Notes: Repeats the earlier participle for emphasis.
- תּוּשַּׁ֔ד (tusshad) – Root: שדד; Form: Pual imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall be destroyed”; Notes: Divine passive judgment.
- כַּנְּלֹתְךָ֥ (ka-nelotekha) – Root: כלה; Form: Preposition + infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “when you finish”; Notes: Parallel structure to the earlier clause.
- לִבְגֹּ֖ד (livgod) – Root: בגד; Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “to betray”; Notes: Continues the action of treachery.
- יִבְגְּדוּ־בָֽךְ (yivgedu-vakh) – Root: בגד; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person plural + preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “they shall betray you”; Notes: Divine retribution mirrored to the traitor.