כֹּ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְהוָה֩ גֹּאֵ֨ל יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל קְדֹושֹׁ֗ו לִבְזֹה־נֶ֜פֶשׁ לִמְתָ֤עֵֽב גֹּוי֙ לְעֶ֣בֶד מֹשְׁלִ֔ים מְלָכִים֙ יִרְא֣וּ וָקָ֔מוּ שָׂרִ֖ים וְיִֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֑וּ לְמַ֤עַן יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נֶאֱמָ֔ן קְדֹ֥שׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיִּבְחָרֶֽךָּ׃
Thus says YHWH, the Redeemer of Yisraʾel, His Holy One, to one despised of soul, to one abhorred by the nation, to a servant of rulers: kings shall see and arise, princes also shall bow down, because of YHWH who is faithful, the Holy One of Yisraʾel, He has chosen you.
Morphology
- כֹּ֣ה (koh) – Root: —; Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Introduces a formal prophetic declaration.
- אָמַר־יְהוָה (ʾamar-YHWH) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + divine name; Translation: “says YHWH”; Notes: Direct speech formula.
- גֹּאֵ֨ל (goʾel) – Root: גאל; Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “Redeemer”; Notes: Denotes the one who performs redemption or deliverance.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שׂרה + אל; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Object of YHWH’s redemption.
- קְדֹושֹׁו (kedosho) – Root: קדשׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His Holy One”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as the sanctified or consecrated one.
- לִבְזֹה־נֶפֶשׁ (livzo-nefesh) – Root: בזה; Form: Infinitive construct with preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “to one despised of soul”; Notes: Characterizes the servant’s suffering or humiliation.
- לִמְתָעֵֽב (limtaʿev) – Root: תעב; Form: Pual participle masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “to one abhorred”; Notes: Indicates rejection by the nation.
- גֹּוי (goy) – Root: גוי; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “nation”; Notes: Likely refers to Yisraʾel as rejecting the servant.
- לְעֶבֶד (le-ʿeved) – Root: עבד; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to a servant”; Notes: Identity of the despised one in relation to rulers.
- מֹשְׁלִים (moshlim) – Root: משׁל; Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “of rulers”; Notes: Those exercising dominion.
- מְלָכִים (melakhim) – Root: מלך; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “kings”; Notes: Representative of world powers.
- יִרְאוּ (yirʾu) – Root: ראה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall see”; Notes: Future vision of the servant’s exaltation.
- וָקָמוּ (va-qamu) – Root: קום; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction; Translation: “and they shall arise”; Notes: Gesture of honor or recognition.
- שָׂרִים (sarim) – Root: שרר; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “princes”; Notes: High-ranking officials, parallel to kings.
- וְיִשְׁתַּחֲווּ (ve-yishtachaḇu) – Root: שׁחה; Form: Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they shall bow down”; Notes: Sign of reverence or submission.
- לְמַעַן (le-maʿan) – Root: מען; Form: Preposition; Translation: “for the sake of”; Notes: Introduces purpose or cause.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine cause of the exaltation.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Refers back to YHWH.
- נֶאֱמָן (neʾeman) – Root: אמן; Form: Nifal participle masculine singular; Translation: “is faithful”; Notes: Character quality of YHWH guaranteeing the promise.
- קְדֹשׁ (qedosh) – Root: קדשׁ; Form: Adjective masculine singular construct; Translation: “the Holy One of”; Notes: Descriptive title of YHWH.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שׂרה + אל; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Designates YHWH’s covenant people.
- וַיִּבְחָרֶךָּ (va-yivḥarekha) – Root: בחר; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and He has chosen you”; Notes: Divine election of the servant as source of honor.