Genesis 19:25

ויהפך את הערים האל ואת כל הככר ואת כל ישבי הערים וצמח האדמה׃

Gen 19:25 [Samaritan]
ויהפך את הערים האלה ואת כל הככר ואת כל ישבי הערים וצמח האדמה׃

Gen 19:25 [Masoretic]
וַֽיַּהֲפֹךְ אֶת־הֶעָרִים הָאֵל וְאֵת כָּל־הַכִּכָּר וְאֵת כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵי הֶעָרִים וְצֶמַח הָאֲדָמָֽה׃

Gen 19:25 [Targum Onkelos]
וַהֲפַךְ יַת קִירְוַיָא הָאִילֵּין וְיַת כָּל מֵישְׁרָא וְיַת כָּל יָתְבִי קִירְוַיָא וְצִמְחַהּ דְאַרְעָא׃

Gen 19:25 [Peshitta]
ܘܗܼܦܟ ܠܩܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܗܠܝܢ܂ ܘܠܟܠܗܿ ܦܩܥܬܐ ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܝܬ̈ܒܝ ܐܪܥܐ ܘܠܡܘܥܝܬܗܿ ܕܐܪܥܐ܂

וַֽיַּהֲפֹךְ֙ אֶת־הֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔ל וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר וְאֵת֙ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הֶעָרִ֔ים וְצֶ֖מַח הָאֲדָמָֽה׃

And he overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and what grew on the ground.

Morphology

1. וַֽיַּהֲפֹךְ֙ (vayyahafokh) – Root: הפך (h-p-k); Form: Verb, Qal, Consecutive Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “and he overthrew”; Notes: Describes the act of overturning or destroying the cities.
2. אֶת־הֶעָרִ֣ים (et-he’arim) – Root: עיר (‘-y-r); Form: Definite direct object marker with noun, feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “the cities”; Notes: Refers to Sodom, Gomorrah, and surrounding towns.
3. הָאֵ֔ל (ha’el) – Root: אל (‘-l); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “those”; Notes: Points to the specific cities destroyed.
4. וְאֵ֖ת (ve’et) – Root: את (‘-t); Form: Conjunction with definite direct object marker; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links the plain to the destruction.
5. כָּל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר (kol-hakkikkar) – Root: ככר (k-k-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with definite article; Translation: “all the plain”; Notes: Refers to the region surrounding the cities.
6. וְאֵת֙ (ve’et) – Root: את (‘-t); Form: Conjunction with definite direct object marker; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links the inhabitants to the destruction.
7. כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י (kol-yoshvei) – Root: ישב (y-sh-b); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “all the inhabitants of”; Notes: Refers to the people living in the cities.
8. הֶעָרִ֔ים (he’arim) – Root: עיר (‘-y-r); Form: Noun, feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “the cities”; Notes: Specifies the locations of the inhabitants.
9. וְצֶ֖מַח (vetzemach) – Root: צמח (tz-m-ḥ); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and what grew”; Notes: Refers to the vegetation affected by the destruction.
10. הָאֲדָמָֽה (ha’adamah) – Root: אדמה (‘-d-m-h); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the ground”; Notes: Refers to the soil or land that was destroyed.