כִּ֣י הִנְנִ֣י קֹרֵ֗א לְכָֽל־מִשְׁפְּחֹ֛ות מַמְלְכֹ֥ות צָפֹ֖ונָה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וּבָ֡אוּ וְֽנָתְנוּ֩ אִ֨ישׁ כִּסְאֹ֜ו פֶּ֣תַח שַׁעֲרֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם וְעַ֤ל כָּל־חֹומֹתֶ֨יהָ֙ סָבִ֔יב וְעַ֖ל כָּל־עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃
For behold, I am calling all the families of the kingdoms of the north,” declares YHWH; “and they shall come, and each one shall set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Yerushalayim, and against all her walls round about, and against all the cities of Yehuda.
Morphology
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the previous statement.
- הִנְנִ֣י (hinneni) – Root: הן; Form: Interjection + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: Emphatic form used to draw attention to divine action.
- קֹרֵ֗א (qoreʾ) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “am calling”; Notes: Indicates ongoing or imminent action by YHWH.
- לְכָֽל־מִשְׁפְּחֹ֛ות (le-khol-mishpeḥot) – Root: כל, משפחה; Form: Preposition + construct noun plural; Translation: “to all the families of”; Notes: Refers to extended clans or groupings within kingdoms.
- מַמְלְכֹ֥ות (mamlekhot) – Root: מלך; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “kingdoms”; Notes: Collectively indicates foreign powers.
- צָפֹ֖ונָה (tsafonah) – Root: צפון; Form: Directional noun with directional he; Translation: “north”; Notes: Refers to the geographic source of judgment (e.g., Babylon).
- נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם; Form: Construct noun + divine name; Translation: “utterance of YHWH”; Notes: Prophetic formula marking divine authority.
- וּבָ֡אוּ (uvaʾu) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and they shall come”; Notes: Describes future invading action.
- וְֽנָתְנוּ֩ (ve-natnu) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and they shall set”; Notes: Implies installation of authority or dominance.
- אִ֨ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “each man”; Notes: Individual representation of each royal family or ruler.
- כִּסְאֹ֜ו (kiseʾo) – Root: כֶּסֶא; Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his throne”; Notes: Symbol of authority and dominion.
- פֶּ֣תַח (petach) – Root: פתח; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “entrance”; Notes: Refers to the physical access point of the gates.
- שַׁעֲרֵ֣י (shaʿarei) – Root: שער; Form: Construct plural masculine; Translation: “of the gates of”; Notes: Indicates possession by Yerushalayim.
- יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם (Yerushalayim) – Root: Proper name; Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: City under threat in the prophetic vision.
- וְעַ֤ל כָּל־חֹומֹתֶ֨יהָ֙ (ve-ʿal kol-ḥomoteha) – Root: על, חומה; Form: Conjunction + preposition + construct noun plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and against all her walls”; Notes: Describes the encirclement and siege imagery.
- סָבִ֔יב (saviv) – Root: סבב; Form: Adverb; Translation: “round about”; Notes: Indicates surrounding from all sides.
- וְעַ֖ל כָּל־עָרֵ֥י (ve-ʿal kol-ʿarei) – Root: על, עיר; Form: Conjunction + preposition + construct plural noun; Translation: “and against all the cities of”; Notes: Expands judgment beyond Yerushalayim.
- יְהוּדָֽה (Yehudah) – Root: Proper name; Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom, target of divine judgment.