וְלֹֽא־יִפְרְס֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם עַל־אֵ֖בֶל לְנַחֲמֹ֣ו עַל־מֵ֑ת וְלֹֽא־יַשְׁק֤וּ אֹותָם֙ כֹּ֣וס תַּנְחוּמִ֔ים עַל־אָבִ֖יו וְעַל־אִמֹּֽו׃
And they shall not break bread for them in mourning, to comfort him for the dead; and they shall not give them the cup of consolations to drink for his father or for his mother.
Morphology
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “And not”; Notes: Introduces another negated mourning practice.
- יִפְרְסוּ (yifresu) – Root: פרשׂ (paras); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall spread” or “break (bread)”; Notes: Context suggests setting a meal for mourners, a traditional custom.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: ל (le); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “for them”; Notes: Refers to the mourners or bereaved.
- עַל־אֵבֶל (ʿal-ʾevel) – Root: אבל (ʾevel); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “in mourning” or “for mourning”; Notes: Grief over the dead.
- לְנַחֲמוֹ (le-naḥamo) – Root: נחם (naḥam); Form: Preposition + Piel infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to comfort him”; Notes: Refers to customary consolation of mourners.
- עַל־מֵת (ʿal-met) – Root: מות (mut); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for the dead”; Notes: Refers to the deceased loved one.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle (repeated); Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues the list of denied rites.
- יַשְׁקוּ (yashqu) – Root: שקה (shaqah); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall give to drink”; Notes: Usually refers to offering a drink as comfort.
- אֹותָם (otam) – Root: —; Form: Direct object pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to the mourners.
- כֹּוס (kos) – Root: כוס (kos); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “cup”; Notes: A ceremonial or comfort cup given in mourning.
- תַּנְחוּמִים (tanḥumim) – Root: נחם (naḥam); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “consolations”; Notes: Refers to expressions or acts of comfort.
- עַל־אָבִיו (ʿal-aviv) – Root: אב (ʾav); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “for his father”; Notes: Refers to the mourner’s loss.
- וְעַל־אִמּוֹ (ve-ʿal-immō) – Root: אם (ʾem); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and for his mother”; Notes: Paired with “father” to complete familial mourning context.