כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹ֖ות אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְכָל־הַ֨גֹּולָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הִגְלֵ֥יתִי מִירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם בָּבֶֽלָה׃
“Thus says YHWH of Hosts, the God of Yisraʾel, to all the exile whom I have exiled from Yerushalayim to Bavel:
Morphology
- כֹּה (koh) – Root: כה (koh); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Standard introductory formula for prophetic speech.
- אָמַר (amar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “says”; Notes: In prophetic formula, may convey ongoing authority of the declaration.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun, divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsevaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Refers to the armies of heaven or angelic forces under YHWH’s command.
- אֱלֹהֵי (ʾelohei) – Root: אלה (ʾelohim); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “God of”; Notes: Title indicating deity in covenant relationship with a people.
- יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers collectively to the covenant people.
- לְכָל־ (le-khol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “to all of”; Notes: Marks the recipients of the prophetic message.
- הַגֹּולָה (ha-golah) – Root: גלה (galah); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the exile”; Notes: Refers to the community deported to a foreign land.
- אֲשֶׁר־ (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Introduces the clause describing the exiles.
- הִגְלֵיתִי (higleiti) – Root: גלה (galah); Form: Hiphil perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I have exiled”; Notes: Causative form emphasizing YHWH as the one responsible for the exile.
- מִירוּשָׁלַם (mi-Yerushalayim) – Root: ירושלם (Yerushalayim); Form: Preposition מִן + proper noun; Translation: “from Yerushalayim”; Notes: Indicates the place of origin of the exiles.
- בָּבֶלָה (Bavelah) – Root: בבל (Bavel); Form: Proper noun feminine singular + directive-he; Translation: “to Bavel”; Notes: Directive-he indicates motion toward the destination.