וַתִּתֵּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ אֶת־הָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתָּ לַאֲבֹותָ֖ם לָתֵ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃
And You gave to them this land which You swore to their fathers to give to them, a land flowing with milk and honey.”
Morphology
- וַתִּתֵּן (va-titten) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “And You gave”; Notes: Sequential narrative verb describing YHWH’s fulfillment of His promise.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Preposition לְ + third person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Marks the recipients of the land.
- אֶת־הָאָרֶץ (ʾet-ha-ʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Object marker + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Refers specifically to the promised land.
- הַזֹּאת (hazzot) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative adjective feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Identifies the specific land being referenced.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause describing the land.
- נִשְׁבַּעְתָּ (nishbaʿta) – Root: שׁבע (shavaʿ); Form: Niphal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You swore”; Notes: Niphal used in the passive/reflexive sense of making an oath.
- לַאֲבֹותָם (la-ʾavotam) – Root: אב (ʾav); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to their fathers”; Notes: Refers to the patriarchs of Yisraʾel.
- לָתֵת (latet) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition לְ; Translation: “to give”; Notes: Expresses the purpose of YHWH’s oath.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Preposition לְ + third person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Repeats the beneficiaries for emphasis.
- אֶרֶץ (ʾerets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “land”; Notes: Describes the nature of the promised territory.
- זָבַת (zavat) – Root: זוב (zuv); Form: Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “flowing”; Notes: Describes the abundance and fertility of the land.
- חָלָב (ḥalav) – Root: חלב (ḥalav); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “milk”; Notes: Symbol of richness and sustenance.
- וּדְבָשׁ (u-devash) – Root: דבשׁ (devash); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and honey”; Notes: Often paired with “milk” to depict prosperity and abundance.