וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ וַיִּֽרְשׁ֣וּ אֹתָ֗הּ וְלֹֽא־שָׁמְע֤וּ בְקֹולֶ֨ךָ֙ וּבְתוֹרָתְךָ לֹא־הָלָ֔כוּ אֵת֩ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוִּ֧יתָה לָהֶ֛ם לַעֲשֹׂ֖ות לֹ֣א עָשׂ֑וּ וַתַּקְרֵ֣א אֹתָ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃
And they came and possessed it, but they did not listen to Your voice, and in Your Torah they did not walk; all that You commanded them to do they did not do, and You caused to come upon them all this evil.
Morphology
- וַיָּבֹאוּ (va-yavoʾu) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they came”; Notes: Introduces the sequence of events after YHWH’s gift of the land.
- וַיִּרְשׁוּ (va-yirshu) – Root: ירשׁ (yarash); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they possessed”; Notes: Refers to taking possession, often with the nuance of inheritance.
- אֹתָהּ (otah) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Object pronoun 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to the land previously mentioned.
- וְלֹא־שָׁמְעוּ (ve-lo-shamʿu) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction + negative; Translation: “but they did not listen”; Notes: Denotes refusal to heed YHWH’s commands.
- בְקֹולֶךָ (be-qolekha) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to Your voice”; Notes: Figuratively refers to obeying divine instruction.
- וּבְתוֹרָתְךָ (u-ve-toratekha) – Root: תורה (torah); Form: Conjunction + preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and in Your Torah”; Notes: Denotes the divine law as the path to follow.
- לֹא־הָלָכוּ (lo-halaku) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with negative; Translation: “they did not walk”; Notes: Walking metaphorically represents living in accordance with God’s commands.
- אֵת (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Object marker; Translation: “—”; Notes: Marks the direct object of the following clause.
- כָּל (kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “all”; Notes: Refers to totality of commands.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the content of the commands.
- צִוִּיתָה (tsivvita) – Root: צוה (tsavah); Form: Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You commanded”; Notes: Piel form emphasizes the authoritative nature of the command.
- לָהֶם (lahem) – Root: הם (hem); Form: Preposition לְ + third person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Identifies the recipients of the command.
- לַעֲשׂוֹת (laʿasot) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition לְ; Translation: “to do”; Notes: Indicates the expected action.
- לֹא (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the verb that follows.
- עָשׂוּ (ʿasu) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they did”; Notes: Highlights the failure to perform the commanded actions.
- וַתַּקְרֵא (va-taqreʾ) – Root: קרה (qarah); Form: Hiphil wayyiqtol (narrative past) 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and You caused to come”; Notes: Causative — YHWH brought events upon them.
- אֹתָם (otam) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Object pronoun 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “them”; Notes: Direct object of the preceding verb.
- אֵת (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Object marker; Translation: “—”; Notes: Marks the following noun as the object.
- כָּל־הָרָעָה (kol-ha-raʿah) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Noun feminine singular with “all” + definite article; Translation: “all the evil”; Notes: Refers to calamity or disaster as divine judgment.
- הַזֹּאת (hazzot) – Root: זה (zeh); Form: Demonstrative adjective feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Specifies the particular calamity in view.