עַל֩ כָּל־רָעַ֨ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּבְנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ לְהַכְעִסֵ֔נִי הֵ֤מָּה מַלְכֵיהֶם֙ שָֽׂרֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּהֲנֵיהֶ֖ם וּנְבִֽיאֵיהֶ֑ם וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃
Because of all the evil of the sons of Yisraʾel and the sons of Yehuda which they have done to provoke Me, they, their kings, their princes, their priests, and their prophets, and the men of Yehuda and the inhabitants of Yerushalayim.
Morphology
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “because of” / “on account of”; Notes: Introduces the cause or reason.
- כָּל־רָעַת (kol-raʿat) – Root: רעע; Form: Noun feminine singular construct from רָעָה with “all”; Translation: “all the evil”; Notes: Construct form links to the following phrase.
- בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל (benei-Yisraʾel) – Root: בן; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + proper noun; Translation: “sons of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the people of the northern kingdom or Israel as a whole.
- וּבְנֵי (u-vene) – Root: בן; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “and the sons of”; Notes: Joins Judah to Israel in culpability.
- יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause describing the evil deeds.
- עָשׂוּ (ʿasu) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they have done”; Notes: Refers to completed actions.
- לְהַכְעִסֵנִי (le-hakhʿiseni) – Root: כעס; Form: Preposition לְ + Hiphil infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to provoke Me”; Notes: Hiphil stem indicates causing offense or anger.
- הֵמָּה (hemmah) – Root: הם; Form: Independent pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “they”; Notes: Emphatic subject marker.
- מַלְכֵיהֶם (malkheihem) – Root: מלך; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their kings”; Notes: Refers to monarchs leading the people.
- שָׂרֵיהֶם (sareihem) – Root: שר; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their princes”; Notes: Leaders under the kings.
- כֹּהֲנֵיהֶם (kohanehem) – Root: כהן; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their priests”; Notes: Religious officials serving in temple worship.
- וּנְבִיאֵיהֶם (u-neviʾeihem) – Root: נבא; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and their prophets”; Notes: Likely refers here to false prophets who misled the people.
- וְאִישׁ (ve-ish) – Root: אישׁ; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and a man of”; Notes: Generic reference to individuals of Judah.
- יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) – Root: יהודה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis in the indictment.
- וְיֹשְׁבֵי (ve-yoshvei) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Conjunction + Qal participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “and the inhabitants of”; Notes: Refers to permanent residents.
- יְרוּשָׁלִָם (Yerushalayim) – Root: [uncertain]; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: The capital city, center of religious and political life.