שֻׁדַּ֤ד מֹואָב֙ וְעָרֶ֣יהָ עָלָ֔ה וּמִבְחַ֥ר בַּֽחוּרָ֖יו יָרְד֣וּ לַטָּ֑בַח נְאֻ֨ם־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹ֖ות שְׁמֹֽו׃
Moʾav is devastated, and her cities have gone up, and her chosen young men have gone down to the slaughter,” declares the King, YHWH of Hosts is His name.
Morphology
- שֻׁדַּד (shuddad) – Root: שׁדד; Form: Pual perfect 3ms; Translation: “is devastated”; Notes: Passive form emphasizing destruction upon Moʾav.
- מֹואָב (Moʾav) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper name; Translation: “Moʾav”; Notes: Nation under judgment.
- וְעָרֶיהָ (ve-ʿareha) – Root: עיר; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine plural construct + 3fs suffix; Translation: “and her cities”; Notes: Refers to Moʾav’s towns.
- עָלָה (ʿalah) – Root: עלה; Form: Qal perfect 3ms; Translation: “have gone up”; Notes: Likely idiom of smoke rising in destruction, or figurative for perishing.
- וּמִבְחַר (u-mivḥar) – Root: בחר; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and the choice of”; Notes: Refers to the finest or select ones.
- בַּחוּרָיו (baḥurav) – Root: בּחר; Form: Noun masculine plural + 3ms suffix; Translation: “her young men”; Notes: Military-aged men of Moʾav.
- יָרְדוּ (yardu) – Root: ירד; Form: Qal perfect 3cp; Translation: “have gone down”; Notes: Idiomatically refers to descent into death.
- לַטָּבַח (la-tabbaḥ) – Root: טבח; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the slaughter”; Notes: Image of mass killing.
- נְאֻם־הַמֶּלֶךְ (neʾum ha-melekh) – Root: נאם, מלך; Form: Noun construct + definite noun; Translation: “declares the King”; Notes: YHWH styled as sovereign ruler.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH.”
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Indicates divine command over heavenly and earthly armies.
- שְׁמֹו (shem-o) – Root: שם; Form: Noun masculine singular + 3ms suffix; Translation: “His name”; Notes: Affirms YHWH’s title as the King of hosts.