מִבְּכִ֨י יַעְזֵ֤ר אֶבְכֶּה־לָּךְ֙ הַגֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֔ה נְטִֽישֹׁתַ֨יִךְ֙ עָ֣בְרוּ יָ֔ם עַ֛ד יָ֥ם יַעְזֵ֖ר נָגָ֑עוּ עַל־קֵיצֵ֥ךְ וְעַל־בְּצִירֵ֖ךְ שֹׁדֵ֥ד נָפָֽל׃
From the weeping of Yaʿzer I will weep for you, O vine of Sivma; your shoots passed over the sea, unto the sea of Yaʿzer they reached. Upon your summer-fruit and upon your vintage the destroyer has fallen.
Morphology
- מִבְּכִי (mi-bekhi) – Root: בכה; Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “from the weeping of”; Notes: Sets up the source of lament, referring to Yaʿzer’s mourning.
- יַעְזֵר (Yaʿzer) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun, place name; Translation: “Yaʿzer”; Notes: A town of Moʾav, here depicted as mourning.
- אֶבְכֶּה־ (ʾevkeh-) – Root: בכה; Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular with cohortative force + maqaf; Translation: “I will weep”; Notes: The speaker joins in the lamentation.
- לָּךְ (lakh) – Root: —; Form: Preposition לְ + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “for you”; Notes: Direct address to the vine of Sivmah (feminine personification).
- הַגֶּפֶן (ha-gefen) – Root: גפן; Form: Noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the vine”; Notes: Symbol of prosperity and fertility.
- שִׂבְמָה (Sivmah) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun, place name; Translation: “Sivmah”; Notes: Moabite town famed for vineyards.
- נְטִישֹׁתַיִךְ (netishotayikh) – Root: נטשׁ (“to spread, stretch”); Form: Noun feminine plural with dual ending + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your shoots”; Notes: Refers to the vine’s branches spreading out.
- עָבְרוּ (ʿavru) – Root: עבר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they passed over”; Notes: Describes the far-reaching spread of Sivmah’s vines.
- יָם (yam) – Root: ים; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “sea”; Notes: Likely metaphorical for distance, or literal water bodies near Moʾav.
- עַד (ʿad) – Root: —; Form: Preposition; Translation: “unto”; Notes: Marks extent or limit.
- יָם (yam) – Root: ים; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “sea”; Notes: Repetition emphasizes vast extent.
- יַעְזֵר (Yaʿzer) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun, place name; Translation: “Yaʿzer”; Notes: Geographic reference highlighting how far the vines extended.
- נָגָעוּ (nagaʿu) – Root: נגע; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “they reached”; Notes: Expresses the reach of the shoots.
- עַל־ (ʿal-) – Root: —; Form: Preposition with maqaf; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Introduces what is affected by the destroyer.
- קֵיצֵךְ (qeitsekh) – Root: קיץ; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your summer-fruit”; Notes: Refers to seasonal produce of the vineyards.
- וְעַל־ (ve-ʿal-) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition with maqaf; Translation: “and upon”; Notes: Continues the objects of devastation.
- בְּצִירֵךְ (betzirekh) – Root: בצר; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “your vintage”; Notes: Refers to the grape harvest.
- שֹׁדֵד (shoded) – Root: שׁדד; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “the destroyer”; Notes: Personification of the invader who devastates crops.
- נָפָל (nafal) – Root: נפל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has fallen”; Notes: Marks the invader’s destructive action upon the produce.