בְּחֻמָּ֞ם אָשִׁ֣ית אֶת־מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֗ם וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים֙ לְמַ֣עַן יַעֲלֹ֔זוּ וְיָשְׁנ֥וּ שְׁנַת־עֹולָ֖ם וְלֹ֣א יָקִ֑יצוּ נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃
In their heat I will set their feasts, and I will make them drunk so that they may exult, and they shall sleep an everlasting sleep and not awake,” declares YHWH.
Morphology
- בְּחֻמָּם (be-ḥummam) – Root: חמם (ḥamam); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “in their heat”; Notes: Refers to the height of their excitement, passion, or revelry.
- אָשִׁית (ʾashit) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal imperfect cohortative 1st person singular; Translation: “I will set / appoint”; Notes: Expresses divine resolve to establish their feast in that moment.
- אֶת (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [untranslatable]; Notes: Marks the object “their feasts.”
- מִשְׁתֵּיהֶם (mishtehem) – Root: שתה (shatah); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their feasts / drinking-bouts”; Notes: Refers to banquets focused on drinking.
- וְהִשְׁכַּרְתִּים (ve-hishkartim) – Root: שׁכר (shakar); Form: Hifil perfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and I will make them drunk”; Notes: Indicates God causing them to be intoxicated as part of judgment.
- לְמַעַן (le-maʿan) – Root: מען (maʿan); Form: Preposition; Translation: “so that”; Notes: Introduces the intended result.
- יַעֲלֹזוּ (yaʿalozu) – Root: עלז (ʿalaz); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they may exult / rejoice”; Notes: Joy in drunken revelry before their downfall.
- וְיָשְׁנוּ (ve-yashnu) – Root: ישׁן (yashan); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive; Translation: “and they shall sleep”; Notes: Figurative for death, permanent rest.
- שְׁנַת (shenat) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “sleep of”; Notes: Part of phrase “everlasting sleep.”
- עוֹלָם (ʿolam) – Root: עלם (ʿalam); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “everlasting”; Notes: Indicates permanence of the sleep (death).
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- יָקִיצוּ (yaqitsu) – Root: קיץ (quts/qits); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they will awake”; Notes: Reinforces finality—no return from this “sleep.”
- נְאֻם (neʾum) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “utterance / declaration of”; Notes: Standard prophetic formula introducing divine authority.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine Name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal God of Israel.