Jeremiah 51:42

עָלָ֥ה עַל־בָּבֶ֖ל הַיָּ֑ם בַּהֲמֹ֥ון גַּלָּ֖יו נִכְסָֽתָה׃

The sea has come up over Bavel; with the multitude of its waves she is covered.

Morphology

1. עָלָה (ʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has come up”; Notes: Refers to the sea rising against Babylon.
2. עַל (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon / over”; Notes: Marks direction of the sea’s advance.
3. בָּבֶל (Bavel) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Place name feminine singular; Translation: “Bavel”; Notes: Refers to Babylon, the empire under judgment.
4. הַיָּם (ha-yam) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the sea”; Notes: Metaphorical for an overwhelming force, possibly invading armies.
5. בַּהֲמוֹן (ba-hamon) – Root: המון (hamon); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with the multitude”; Notes: Describes the abundance or roar of waves.
6. גַּלָּיו (gallav) – Root: גל (gal); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “its waves”; Notes: The waves of the sea metaphorically represent destruction.
7. נִכְסָתָה (nikhsatah) – Root: כסא (kasah); Form: Niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “she is covered”; Notes: Babylon is personified as being overwhelmed and submerged.