וַיְהִי֩ בַשָּׁנָ֨ה הַתְּשִׁעִ֜ית לְמָלְכֹ֗ו בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִי֮ בֶּעָשֹׂ֣ור לַחֹדֶשׁ֒ בָּ֠א נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֨ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֜ל ה֤וּא וְכָל־חֵילֹו֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וַֽיַּחֲנ֖וּ עָלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּבְנ֥וּ עָלֶ֛יהָ דָּיֵ֖ק סָבִֽיב׃
And it came to pass, in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, on the tenth of the month, that Nevukhadretstsar king of Bavel came, he and all his army, against Yerushalayim, and they camped against it, and they built against it a siege wall all around.
Morphology
- וַיְהִי (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it came to pass”; Notes: Introduces narrative timing.
- בַשָּׁנָה (ba-shanah) – Root: שׁנה (shanah); Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the year”; Notes: Temporal indicator.
- הַתְּשִׁעִית (ha-teshiʿit) – Root: תשע (teshaʿ); Form: Ordinal adjective feminine singular definite; Translation: “the ninth”; Notes: Specifies the regnal year.
- לְמָלְכוֹ (le-malkho) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “of his reign”; Notes: Refers to Tsidqiyahu’s rule.
- בַּחֹדֶשׁ (ba-ḥodesh) – Root: חדשׁ (ḥodesh); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the month”; Notes: Temporal specification.
- הָעֲשִׂירִי (ha-ʿasiri) – Root: עשר (ʿeser); Form: Ordinal adjective masculine singular definite; Translation: “the tenth”; Notes: Specifies which month.
- בֶּעָשֹׂור (be-ʿasor) – Root: עשר (ʿeser); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the tenth”; Notes: Refers to the tenth day of the month.
- לַחֹדֶשׁ (la-ḥodesh) – Root: חדשׁ (ḥodesh); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “of the month”; Notes: Clarifies the day reference.
- בָּא (ba) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “came”; Notes: Marks the arrival of the Babylonian king.
- נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר (Nevukhadretstsar) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Personal name; Translation: “Nevukhadretstsar”; Notes: King of Babylon.
- מֶלֶךְ־בָּבֶל (melekh-Bavel) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Noun construct + proper noun; Translation: “king of Bavel”; Notes: Royal title of Nevukhadretstsar.
- הוּא (hu) – Root: הוא (huʾ); Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “he”; Notes: Stresses that the king himself came.
- וְכָל (ve-kol) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and all”; Notes: Totality of his forces.
- חֵילוֹ (ḥeilo) – Root: חיל (ḥayil); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his army”; Notes: The military host.
- עַל־יְרוּשָׁלַם (ʿal-Yerushalayim) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Preposition + place name; Translation: “against Yerushalayim”; Notes: The target city of siege.
- וַיַּחֲנוּ (va-yaḥanu) – Root: חנה (ḥanah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they camped”; Notes: Military encampment outside the city.
- עָלֶיהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “against it”; Notes: Refers to Yerushalayim.
- וַיִּבְנוּ (va-yivnu) – Root: בנה (banah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they built”; Notes: Refers to siege works.
- עָלֶיהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “against it”; Notes: Repetition stresses focus on Yerushalayim.
- דָּיֵק (dayeq) – Root: דייק (dayeq); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “siege wall / rampart”; Notes: Military fortification built to besiege the city.
- סָבִיב (saviv) – Root: סבב (savav); Form: Adverb; Translation: “all around”; Notes: Denotes complete encirclement.