בָּ֧אָה הַצְּפִירָ֛ה אֵלֶ֖יךָ יֹושֵׁ֣ב הָאָ֑רֶץ בָּ֣א הָעֵ֗ת קָרֹ֛וב הַיֹּ֥ום מְהוּמָ֖ה וְלֹא־הֵ֥ד הָרִֽים׃
The morning has come upon you, inhabitant of the land; the time has come, near is the day of tumult and not the echo of the mountains.
Morphology
- בָּאָה (baʾah) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “has come”; Notes: Feminine subject refers to “morning” (הַצְּפִירָה).
- הַצְּפִירָה (ha-tsefira) – Root: צפר; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the morning”; Notes: Can mean “dawn, early morning” — a metaphor for the onset of judgment.
- אֵלֶיךָ (ʾeilekha) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “upon you / to you”; Notes: Directs the event toward the addressed audience.
- יֹושֵׁב (yoshev) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “inhabitant”; Notes: Participial form used substantively, addressing one who dwells.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Likely refers to the land of Yisraʾel.
- בָּא (ba) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has come”; Notes: Refers to the appointed “time” (הָעֵת).
- הָעֵת (ha-ʿet) – Root: עת; Form: Noun common feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the time”; Notes: Indicates the appointed moment of judgment.
- קָרוֹב (qarov) – Root: קרב; Form: Adjective masculine singular absolute; Translation: “near”; Notes: Describes the proximity of the day of judgment.
- הַיּוֹם (ha-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “the day”; Notes: Refers to a climactic “day” of disaster.
- מְהוּמָה (mehumah) – Root: המם; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “tumult, panic”; Notes: A day marked by chaos, calamity, and fear.
- וְלֹא־ (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the following noun phrase.
- הֵד (hed) – Root: הד; Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “echo, sound”; Notes: Contrast between tumult and an empty echo; points to real devastation, not a distant reverberation.
- הָרִים (ha-harim) – Root: הר; Form: Noun masculine plural absolute with definite article; Translation: “the mountains”; Notes: Symbolic of permanence or majesty, here contrasted with the sudden chaos of judgment.