Ezekiel 33:6

וְ֠הַצֹּפֶה כִּֽי־יִרְאֶ֨ה אֶת־הַחֶ֜רֶב בָּאָ֗ה וְלֹֽא־תָקַ֤ע בַּשֹּׁופָר֙ וְהָעָ֣ם לֹֽא־נִזְהָ֔ר וַתָּבֹ֣וא חֶ֔רֶב וַתִּקַּ֥ח מֵהֶ֖ם נָ֑פֶשׁ ה֚וּא בַּעֲוֹנֹ֣ו נִלְקָ֔ח וְדָמֹ֖ו מִיַּֽד־הַצֹּפֶ֥ה אֶדְרֹֽשׁ׃ ס

But if the watchman sees the sword coming and does not blow the shofar, and the people are not warned, and the sword comes and takes a life from among them, he is taken away in his iniquity; but his blood I will require at the watchman’s hand.

Morphology

1. וְהַצֹּפֶה (ve-ha-tsofeh) – Root: צפה (tsafah); Form: Conjunction וְ + definite article הַ + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and the watchman”; Notes: Refers to the person appointed to observe and warn of danger; symbolically, a prophet or moral sentinel.
2. כִּי־ (ki) – Root: Particle; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “when / if”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause describing the watchman’s failure to act.
3. יִרְאֶה (yirʾeh) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he sees”; Notes: Describes the watchman’s perception of impending danger.
4. אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: “(marks the direct object)”; Notes: Introduces the object “the sword.”
5. הַחֶרֶב (ha-ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the sword”; Notes: Symbol of war or divine judgment approaching the people.
6. בָּאָה (baʾah) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “coming”; Notes: Describes the approaching threat.
7. וְלֹא־ (ve-lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Conjunction וְ + negative particle; Translation: “and does not”; Notes: Introduces the watchman’s failure to act.
8. תָקַע (taqaʿ) – Root: תקע (taqaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “blow”; Notes: Refers to blowing the shofar to warn of the coming danger.
9. בַּשֹּׁופָר (ba-shofar) – Root: שׁופר (shofar); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “with the shofar”; Notes: Instrument of alarm or divine warning.
10. וְהָעָם (ve-ha-ʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Conjunction וְ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the people”; Notes: The community under the watchman’s charge.
11. לֹא־ (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “are not”; Notes: Continues the clause indicating failure of response.
12. נִזְהָר (nizhar) – Root: זהר (zahar); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “warned / take heed”; Notes: Reflexive, meaning they are not warned or do not heed the warning.
13. וַתָּבֹוא (va-tavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Conjunction וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and it came”; Notes: Describes the arrival of the sword (feminine noun).
14. חֶרֶב (ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a sword”; Notes: Represents the instrument of divine judgment or war.
15. וַתִּקַּח (va-tiqqaḥ) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Conjunction וַ + Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and it took”; Notes: The sword acts as the agent of death or judgment.
16. מֵהֶם (me-hem) – Root: מן (min); Form: Preposition מִן + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “from them”; Notes: Indicates that the death occurred among the people.
17. נָפֶשׁ (nefesh) – Root: נפשׁ (nefesh); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a life / a person”; Notes: Represents an individual human life taken by the sword.
18. הוּא (hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Independent pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “he”; Notes: Refers to the slain individual.
19. בַּעֲוֹנֹו (ba-ʿavono) – Root: עון (ʿavon); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “in his iniquity”; Notes: Indicates guilt or moral responsibility for sin.
20. נִלְקָח (nilqach) – Root: לקח (laqach); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is taken”; Notes: Passive form; describes being taken by the sword—killed or destroyed.
21. וְדָמֹו (ve-damo) – Root: דם (dam); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and his blood”; Notes: Refers to the guilt associated with his death.
22. מִיַּד־ (mi-yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “from the hand of”; Notes: Indicates accountability or responsibility.
23. הַצֹּפֶה (ha-tsofeh) – Root: צפה (tsafah); Form: Definite article הַ + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “the watchman”; Notes: The one accountable for warning others of impending danger.
24. אֶדְרֹשׁ (edrosh) – Root: דרשׁ (darash); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will require / I will seek”; Notes: YHWH’s declaration of holding the negligent watchman accountable for the death of others.