Hosea 2:10 (Hosea 2:8)

וְהִיא֙ לֹ֣א יָֽדְעָ֔ה כִּ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָ֔הּ הַדָּגָ֖ן וְהַתִּירֹ֣ושׁ וְהַיִּצְהָ֑ר וְכֶ֨סֶף הִרְבֵּ֥יתִי לָ֛הּ וְזָהָ֖ב עָשׂ֥וּ לַבָּֽעַל׃

And she did not know that it was I who gave her the grain, the new wine, and the oil, and I multiplied for her silver and gold, which they made for Baʿal.

Morphology

1. וְהִיא (vehī) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + independent pronoun 3fs; Translation: “and she”; Notes: Refers to Israel personified as an unfaithful wife.
2. לֹא (lo) – Root: —; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denotes ignorance or rejection of divine truth.
3. יָדְעָה (yadʿah) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3fs; Translation: “she knew”; Notes: In biblical Hebrew, “to know” often connotes relational awareness—here, moral and spiritual recognition of YHWH’s provision.
4. כִּי (ki) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “that” or “because”; Notes: Introduces the content of what she failed to understand.
5. אָֽנֹכִי (ʾanokhī) – Root: —; Form: Independent personal pronoun 1cs; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphatic use of the pronoun—YHWH asserts His exclusive role as provider.
6. נָתַתִּי (natatti) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Form: Qal perfect 1cs; Translation: “I gave”; Notes: Indicates divine generosity—contrasting with Israel’s ingratitude.
7. לָהּ (lah) – Root: —; Form: Preposition לְ + 3fs suffix; Translation: “to her”; Notes: Refers to the covenant nation receiving divine blessings.
8. הַדָּגָן (haddagan) – Root: דגן (d-g-n); Form: Noun masculine singular definite; Translation: “the grain”; Notes: Represents sustenance and economic provision, gifts of YHWH.
9. וְהַתִּירֹושׁ (ve-hattirosh) – Root: תירושׁ (t-y-r-š); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular definite; Translation: “and the new wine”; Notes: Symbol of abundance and joy in agricultural blessing.
10. וְהַיִּצְהָר (ve-hayyitshar) – Root: יצהר (y-ts-h-r); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular definite; Translation: “and the oil”; Notes: Associated with anointing, prosperity, and covenantal favor.
11. וְכֶסֶף (ve-kesef) – Root: כסף (k-s-p); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and silver”; Notes: Represents material wealth given by divine generosity.
12. הִרְבֵּיתִי (hirbeitī) – Root: רבה (r-b-h); Form: Hifil perfect 1cs; Translation: “I multiplied”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH’s active increase of Israel’s blessings—multiplying abundance.
13. לָהּ (lah) – Root: —; Form: Preposition לְ + 3fs suffix; Translation: “for her”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis—indicating personal care and provision directed toward Israel.
14. וְזָהָב (ve-zahav) – Root: זהב (z-h-v); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and gold”; Notes: Complements “silver” as symbols of wealth and blessing.
15. עָשׂוּ (ʿasu) – Root: עשה (ʿ-ś-h); Form: Qal perfect 3mp; Translation: “they made”; Notes: Refers to the people of Israel using divine blessings for idolatrous purposes.
16. לַבָּעַל (la-baʿal) – Root: בעל (b-ʿ-l); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “for Baʿal”; Notes: Refers to the Canaanite fertility god—tragic misuse of YHWH’s gifts for idol worship.