Jonah 3:5

וַֽיַּאֲמִ֛ינוּ אַנְשֵׁ֥י נִֽינְוֵ֖ה בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּקְרְאוּ־צֹום֙ וַיִּלְבְּשׁ֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים מִגְּדֹולָ֖ם וְעַד־קְטַנָּֽם׃

And the men of Nineve believed in God, and they called a fast, and they put on sackcloth, from their great one even to their small one.

Morphology

1. וַיַּאֲמִינוּ (va-yaʾaminu) – Root: אמן (ʾaman); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3mp; Translation: “And they believed”; Notes: Indicates active trust or acceptance of the message.
2. אַנְשֵׁי (anshei) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “men of”; Notes: Construct linking the people to the city.
3. נִינְוֵה (Nineweh) – Root: נינוה (Ninweh); Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Nineveh”; Notes: The Assyrian capital repenting.
4. בֵּאלֹהִים (be-elohim) – Root: אלוה (eloah); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “in God”; Notes: Indicates belief directed toward God.
5. וַיִּקְרְאוּ (va-yikreʾu) – Root: קרא (qaraʾ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3mp; Translation: “and they called”; Notes: Publicly proclaimed or declared.
6. צֹום (tsom) – Root: צום (tsum); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a fast”; Notes: Act of penitence and humility.
7. וַיִּלְבְּשׁוּ (va-yilbeshu) – Root: לבשׁ (lavash); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3mp; Translation: “and they put on”; Notes: Refers to the wearing of mourning garments.
8. שַׂקִּים (saqqim) – Root: שׂק (saq); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “sackcloths”; Notes: Clothing symbolizing repentance and grief.
9. מִגְּדֹלָם (mi-gedolam) – Root: גדל (gadal); Form: Preposition מִן + adjective masculine singular with suffix 3mp; Translation: “from their great one”; Notes: Refers to the most prominent or socially high-ranking inhabitants.
10. וְעַד (ve-ʿad) – Root: עד (ʿad); Form: Conjunction/preposition; Translation: “and unto”; Notes: Indicates extent or range.
11. קְטַנָּם (qetannam) – Root: קטן (qatan); Form: Adjective masculine singular with suffix 3mp; Translation: “their small one”; Notes: Denotes the lowest or youngest in the social spectrum.