אַתָּ֥ה תִזְרַ֖ע וְלֹ֣א תִקְצֹ֑ור אַתָּ֤ה תִדְרֹֽךְ־זַ֨יִת֙ וְלֹא־תָס֣וּךְ שֶׁ֔מֶן וְתִירֹ֖ושׁ וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁתֶּה־יָּֽיִן׃
You shall sow and not reap, you shall tread the olive and not anoint with oil, and wine must, and you shall not drink wine.
Morphology
- אַתָּה (attah) — Root: אתה (ʾ-t-h); Form: Independent personal pronoun 2ms; Translation: “you”; Notes: Singular collective, addressing the nation as one person.
- תִזְרַע (tizraʿ) — Root: זרע (z-r-ʿ); Form: Qal imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall sow”; Notes: Action expected to yield increase, but the next clause negates its benefit.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) — Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + negation; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Introduces the negated outcome.
- תִקְצֹור (tiqtzor) — Root: קצר (q-ṣ-r); Form: Qal imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall reap”; Notes: Harvest is divinely withheld.
- אַתָּה (attah) — Root: אתה (ʾ-t-h); Form: Independent personal pronoun 2ms; Translation: “you”; Notes: Repetition adds emphasis.
- תִדְרֹךְ (tidrokh) — Root: דרך (d-r-kh); Form: Qal imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall tread”; Notes: Refers to pressing olives in an olive press.
- זַיִת (zayit) — Root: זית (z-y-t); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “olive”; Notes: Direct object of treading for oil extraction.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) — Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + negation; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Negates the expected benefit of oil.
- תָסוּךְ (tasukh) — Root: סוך (s-w-kh); Form: Qal imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall anoint”; Notes: Oil production will fail despite labor.
- שֶׁמֶן (shemen) — Root: שׁמן (sh-m-n); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “oil”; Notes: Represents prosperity and daily necessity.
- וְתִירֹושׁ (ve-tirosh) — Root: תירושׁ (t-y-r-sh); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and wine-must”; Notes: Refers to fresh grape juice, produce of the vineyard.
- וְלֹא (ve-lo) — Root: לא (l-ʾ); Form: Conjunction וְ + negation; Translation: “and not”; Notes: Continues the pattern of frustrated results.
- תִשְׁתֶּה (tishteh) — Root: שתה (sh-t-h); Form: Qal imperfect 2ms; Translation: “you shall drink”; Notes: Drinking wine is denied though the grapes are produced.
- יַיִן (yayin) — Root: יין (y-y-n); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wine”; Notes: Final object of the negated action, symbol of joy withheld.