Zechariah 7:10

וְאַלְמָנָ֧ה וְיָתֹ֛ום גֵּ֥ר וְעָנִ֖י אַֽל־תַּעֲשֹׁ֑קוּ וְרָעַת֙ אִ֣ישׁ אָחִ֔יו אַֽל־תַּחְשְׁב֖וּ בִּלְבַבְכֶֽם׃

And widow and orphan, sojourner and poor, do not oppress; and the evil of a man against his brother do not devise in your hearts.’

Morphology

1. וְאַלְמָנָה (ve-almanah) – Root: אלמן (alman); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and a widow”; Notes: Begins a list of socially vulnerable groups.
2. וְיָתֹום (ve-yatom) – Root: יתם (yatam); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and an orphan”; Notes: Represents another group requiring protection.
3. גֵּר (ger) – Root: גור (gur); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sojourner”; Notes: A resident foreigner with limited rights.
4. וְעָנִי (ve-ani) – Root: ענה (anah); Form: Conjunction + adjective masculine singular; Translation: “and poor”; Notes: Highlights economic vulnerability.
5. אַל־תַּעֲשֹׁקוּ (al-taʿashoku) – Root: עשׁק (ashaq); Form: Negative particle אַל + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “do not oppress”; Notes: Strong ethical prohibition.
6. וְרָעַת (ve-raʿat) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “and the evil of”; Notes: Introduces harmful intent.
7. אִישׁ (ish) – Root: אנשׁ (enosh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Subject of the harmful intent.
8. אָחִיו (achiv) – Root: אח (ach); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his brother”; Notes: Indicates relational wrongdoing.
9. אַל־תַּחְשְׁבוּ (al-tachshevu) – Root: חשב (chashav); Form: Negative particle אַל + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “do not devise”; Notes: Refers to harmful plotting or intentions.
10. בִּלְבַבְכֶם (bi-levavkhem) – Root: לבב (levav); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular with suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “in your hearts”; Notes: Internal moral disposition is addressed.