אֵ֥לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּֽעֲשׂ֑וּ דַּבְּר֤וּ אֱמֶת֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ אֱמֶת֙ וּמִשְׁפַּ֣ט שָׁלֹ֔ום שִׁפְט֖וּ בְּשַׁעֲרֵיכֶֽם׃
These are the things which you shall do: speak truth, each to his fellow; truth and judgment of peace judge in your gates.
Morphology
- אֵלֶּה (ʾelleh) – Root: —; Form: Demonstrative pronoun masculine plural; Translation: “these”; Notes: Introduces the specific obligations that follow.
- הַדְּבָרִים (ha-devarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the things”; Notes: Concrete actions required by covenant fidelity.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces the defining clause.
- תַּעֲשׂוּ (taʿasu) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you shall do”; Notes: Expresses obligation and expectation.
- דַּבְּרוּ (dabberu) – Root: דבר (dabar); Form: Piel imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “speak”; Notes: Intensified command emphasizing deliberate speech.
- אֱמֶת (ʾemet) – Root: אמן (ʾaman); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “truth”; Notes: Faithfulness and reliability in word and intent.
- אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אנשׁ (ʾenosh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “each”; Notes: Distributive force applying the command personally.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the definite object.
- רֵעֵהוּ (reʿehu) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his fellow”; Notes: Member of the same covenant community.
- אֱמֶת (ʾemet) – Root: אמן (ʾaman); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “truth”; Notes: Repetition heightens moral emphasis.
- וּמִשְׁפַּט (u-mishpat) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and judgment”; Notes: Legal discernment and decision.
- שָׁלֹום (shalom) – Root: שלם (shalem); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “of peace”; Notes: Judgment aimed at wholeness and communal well-being.
- שִׁפְטוּ (shifetu) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “judge”; Notes: Direct command to administer justice.
- בְּשַׁעֲרֵיכֶם (be-shaʿareikhem) – Root: שׁער (shaʿar); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural construct + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “in your gates”; Notes: Gates as the public place of legal proceedings.