עַל־הָֽרֹעִים֙ חָרָ֣ה אַפִּ֔י וְעַל־הָעַתּוּדִ֖ים אֶפְקֹ֑וד כִּֽי־פָקַד֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָאֹ֤ות אֶת־עֶדְרֹו֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה וְשָׂ֣ם אֹותָ֔ם כְּס֥וּס הֹודֹ֖ו בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃
“Against the shepherds My anger burned, and against the male goats I will attend; for YHWH of Hosts has attended to His flock, the house of Yehuda, and has set them like the horse of His majesty in the battle.
Morphology
- עַל־הָרֹעִים (ʿal-ha-roʿim) – Root: רעה (raʿah); Form: Preposition עַל + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “against the shepherds”; Notes: Refers to leaders responsible for guiding the people.
- חָרָה (ḥarah) – Root: חרה (ḥarah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “burned”; Notes: Idiom for intense anger.
- אַפִּי (ʾappi) – Root: אף (ʾaf); Form: Noun masculine singular with suffix 1st person common singular; Translation: “my anger”; Notes: Literally “my nose,” a Hebrew idiom for wrath.
- וְעַל־הָעַתּוּדִים (ve-ʿal-ha-ʿattudim) – Root: עתד (ʿatud); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition עַל + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “and against the male goats”; Notes: Metaphor for dominant or oppressive leaders.
- אֶפְקֹד (ʾefqod) – Root: פקד (paqad); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will attend” or “I will punish”; Notes: Verb of oversight that can imply judgment.
- כִּי־פָקַד (ki-faqad) – Root: פקד (paqad); Form: Conjunction כִּי + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “for he has attended”; Notes: Grounds the judgment in YHWH’s decisive action.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (havah); Form: Proper name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: Title emphasizing divine sovereignty over armies.
- אֶת־עֶדְרֹו (ʾet-ʿedro) – Root: עדר (ʿeder); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his flock”; Notes: The people under YHWH’s care.
- אֶת־בֵּית (ʾet-bet) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “the house of”; Notes: Introduces the specific identity of the flock.
- יְהוּדָה (Yehudah) – Root: ידה (yadah); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Southern kingdom representing the covenant community.
- וְשָׂם (ve-sam) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he set”; Notes: Marks a decisive transformation.
- אֹותָם (ʾotam) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker with suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers back to the people of Yehudah.
- כְּסוּס (ke-sus) – Root: סוס (sus); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like a horse”; Notes: Image of strength and readiness for battle.
- הֹודֹו (hodo) – Root: הוד (hod); Form: Noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his majesty”; Notes: Splendor or royal dignity bestowed by YHWH.
- בַּמִּלְחָמָה (ba-milḥamah) – Root: לחם (laḥam); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the battle”; Notes: Concludes with the context of conflict where divine empowerment is displayed.