Zechariah 14:13

וְהָיָה֙ בַּיֹּ֣ום הַה֔וּא תִּֽהְיֶ֧ה מְהֽוּמַת־יְהוָ֛ה רַבָּ֖ה בָּהֶ֑ם וְהֶחֱזִ֗יקוּ אִ֚ישׁ יַ֣ד רֵעֵ֔הוּ וְעָלְתָ֥ה יָדֹ֖ו עַל־יַ֥ד רֵעֵֽהוּ׃

And it shall be on that day: there shall be a great panic from YHWH among them, and a man shall seize the hand of his companion, and his hand shall rise against the hand of his companion.

Morphology

1. וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular (prophetic perfect with future sense); Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a future event described with certainty.
2. בַּיֹּום (ba-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “on the day”; Notes: Specifies a definite, eschatological time.
3. הַהוּא (ha-hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Definite demonstrative pronoun masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Points to a specific, previously indicated day.
4. תִּהְיֶה (tihyeh) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “there shall be”; Notes: Agrees with the feminine noun “panic.”
5. מְהוּמַת־ (mehumat) – Root: הום (hum); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “panic of”; Notes: Denotes confusion, terror, or tumult.
6. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The source of the panic.
7. רַבָּה (rabbah) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Adjective feminine singular; Translation: “great”; Notes: Intensifies the magnitude of the panic.
8. בָּהֶם (ba-hem) – Root: ב (be); Form: Preposition בְּ + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “among them”; Notes: Refers to the hostile peoples affected.
9. וְהֶחֱזִיקוּ (ve-heḥeziqu) – Root: חזק (ḥazaq); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they shall seize”; Notes: Expresses forceful grasping caused by panic.
10. אִישׁ (ish) – Root: אנשׁ (ish); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Used distributively, meaning each individual.
11. יַד (yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “the hand of”; Notes: Instrument of action and aggression.
12. רֵעֵהוּ (reʿehu) – Root: רעע (reʿa); Form: Noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his companion”; Notes: Indicates mutual hostility among allies.
13. וְעָלְתָה (ve-ʿaltah) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “and it shall rise”; Notes: Feminine verb agrees with “hand.”
14. יָדוֹ (yado) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun feminine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his hand”; Notes: The agent of violent action.
15. עַל־ (ʿal) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל; Translation: “against”; Notes: Indicates hostile opposition.
16. יַד (yad) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “the hand of”; Notes: Parallel repetition heightens the violence.
17. רֵעֵהוּ (reʿehu) – Root: רעע (reʿa); Form: Noun masculine singular with suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his companion”; Notes: Closes the verse with reciprocal destruction.