Malachi 2:10

הֲלֹ֨וא אָ֤ב אֶחָד֙ לְכֻלָּ֔נוּ הֲלֹ֛וא אֵ֥ל אֶֽחָ֖ד בְּרָאָ֑נוּ מַדּ֗וּעַ נִבְגַּד֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּאָחִ֔יו לְחַלֵּ֖ל בְּרִ֥ית אֲבֹתֵֽינוּ׃

Is there not one father to us all? Has not one God created us? Why do we deal treacherously, a man against his brother, to profane the covenant of our fathers?

Morphology

1. הֲלֹוא (halo) – Root: —; Form: Interrogative particle הֲ + negative particle לֹא; Translation: “is it not?”; Notes: Rhetorical question expecting affirmation.
2. אָב (ʾav) – Root: אב (ʾav); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “father”; Notes: Predicate nominative.
3. אֶחָד (ʾeḥad) – Root: אחד (ʾeḥad); Form: Numeral masculine singular absolute; Translation: “one”; Notes: Modifies אָב.
4. לְכֻלָּנוּ (le-khullanu) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular construct + suffix 1st person common plural; Translation: “to us all”; Notes: Collective scope.
5. הֲלֹוא (halo) – Root: —; Form: Interrogative particle הֲ + negative particle לֹא; Translation: “has not?”; Notes: Parallel rhetorical question.
6. אֵל (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “God”; Notes: Subject of בְּרָאָנוּ.
7. אֶחָד (ʾeḥad) – Root: אחד (ʾeḥad); Form: Numeral masculine singular absolute; Translation: “one”; Notes: Emphasizes unity.
8. בְּרָאָנוּ (beraʾanu) – Root: ברא (baraʾ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix 1st person common plural; Translation: “created us”; Notes: Divine creative act.
9. מַדּוּעַ (madduaʿ) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ) possibly related; Form: Interrogative adverb; Translation: “why?”; Notes: Introduces accusation.
10. נִבְגַּד (nivgad) – Root: בגד (bagad); Form: Nifal imperfect 1st person common plural; Translation: “do we deal treacherously”; Notes: Reflexive nuance.
11. אִישׁ (ʾish) – Root: אישׁ (ʾish); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Distributive use.
12. בְּאָחִיו (be-ʾaḥiv) – Root: אח (ʾaḥ); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular construct + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “against his brother”; Notes: Relational betrayal.
13. לְחַלֵּל (le-ḥallel) – Root: חלל (ḥalal); Form: Preposition לְ + Piel infinitive construct; Translation: “to profane”; Notes: Purpose clause.
14. בְּרִית (berit) – Root: ברית (berit); Form: Noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “covenant of”; Notes: In construct with אֲבֹתֵינוּ.
15. אֲבֹתֵינוּ (ʾavoteinu) – Root: אב (ʾav); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + suffix 1st person common plural; Translation: “our fathers”; Notes: Patriarchal covenant reference.