קוּמָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה אַל־יָעֹ֣ז אֱנֹ֑ושׁ יִשָּׁפְט֥וּ גֹ֝ויִ֗ם עַל־פָּנֶֽיךָ׃
Arise YHWH. Let not mortal be strong. Let the nations be judged before Your face.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | קוּמָה | qumah | arise | Qal imperative 2ms + paragogic ה |
| 2 | יְהוָה | YHWH | YHWH | Proper noun |
| 3 | אַל | ʾal | not / let not | Negative particle (jussive) |
| 4 | יָעֹז | yaʿoz | be strong | Qal jussive 3ms |
| 5 | אֱנוֹשׁ | ʾenosh | mortal | N(ms) |
| 6 | יִשָּׁפְטוּ | yishafetu | be judged | Nifal imperfect 3mp |
| 7 | גּוֹיִם | goyim | nations | N(mp) |
| 8 | עַל | ʿal | before / upon | Preposition |
| 9 | פָּנֶיךָ | paneikha | Your face | N(mp) + suffix 2ms |
Morphology
- קוּמָה (qumah) – Root: קום (qum); Root Type: Hollow (II-Waw); Binyan: Qal; Form: Imperative 2nd person masculine singular + paragogic ה; Translation: “Arise”; Notes: A plea calling YHWH to action.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Root Type: Proper name; Form: Proper noun masculine singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The addressee of the imperative.
- אַל (ʾal) – Root: אַל; Root Type: Particle; Form: Negative particle used with jussive; Translation: “let not”; Notes: Introduces a prohibition.
- יָעֹז (yaʿoz) – Root: עזז (ʿazaz); Root Type: Geminate; Binyan: Qal; Form: Jussive 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “be strong”; Notes: Expresses a wish that mortal strength not prevail.
- אֱנוֹשׁ (ʾenosh) – Root: אנשׁ (ʾnsh); Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “mortal”; Notes: Highlights human frailty.
- יִשָּׁפְטוּ (yishafetu) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Root Type: Strong; Binyan: Nifal; Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “be judged”; Notes: Passive meaning: the nations receive judgment.
- גּוֹיִם (goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Root Type: Hollow (II-Waw); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: The subject of the passive verb.
- עַל (ʿal) – Root: —; Root Type: Prepositional particle; Form: Preposition; Translation: “before/upon”; Notes: Indicates presence before God.
- פָּנֶיךָ (paneikha) – Root: פנה (panah); Root Type: I-Guttural; Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “Your face”; Notes: “Before Your face” expresses divine presence and judgment.