Psalm 21:3 (Psalm 21:2)

תַּאֲוַ֣ת לִ֭בֹּו נָתַ֣תָּה לֹּ֑ו וַאֲרֶ֥שֶׁת שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו בַּל־מָנַ֥עְתָּ סֶּֽלָה׃

The desire of his heart You have given to him and the request of his lips You did not withhold. Sela.

 

# Hebrew Transliteration Literal Gloss Morph Tag
1 תַּאֲוַת taʾavat “desire of” N(fs construct)
2 לִבֹּו libbo “his heart” N(ms) + suffix 3ms
3 נָתַתָּה natattah “You gave” Qal perfect 2ms
4 לֹּו lo “to him” Prep לְ + suffix 3ms
5 וַאֲרֶשֶׁת va-ʾereshet “and request of” Conj ו + N(fs construct)
6 שְׂפָתָיו sefataw “his lips” N(fp) + suffix 3ms
7 בַּל bal “not” Negative particle
8 מָנַעְתָּ manaʿta “You withheld” Qal perfect 2ms
9 סֶּלָה selah “Selah” Liturgical marker

 

Morphology

  1. תַּאֲוַת (taʾavat) – Root: אוה (ʾ-w-h); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) weak; Form: Noun feminine singular construct (state: construct); Translation: “desire of”; Notes: Introduces a construct chain indicating the object of the king’s inner longing.
  2. לִבֹּו (libbo) – Root: לבב (l-b-b); Root Type: Geminate; Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his heart”; Notes: In Hebrew thought the heart represents will, intention, and desire.
  3. נָתַתָּה (natattah) – Root: נתן (n-t-n); Root Type: I-Nun weak; Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You have given”; Notes: Addressed directly to YHWH, acknowledging divine granting of the king’s desire.
  4. לֹּו (lo) – Root: —; Root Type: Pronominal; Form: Preposition לְ + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “to him”; Notes: Refers to the king as recipient of divine favor.
  5. וַאֲרֶשֶׁת (va-ʾereshet) – Root: ארשׁ (ʾ-r-š); Root Type: I-Guttural weak; Form: Conjunction ו + noun feminine singular construct (state: construct); Translation: “and request of”; Notes: The term denotes a spoken petition or expressed longing.
  6. שְׂפָתָיו (sefataw) – Root: שׂפה (ś-p-h); Root Type: III-He weak; Form: Noun feminine plural + suffix 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “his lips”; Notes: Represents verbal expression, complementing the inner desire of the heart.
  7. בַּל (bal) – Root: —; Root Type: Particle; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: A poetic negative frequently used in Psalms.
  8. מָנַעְתָּ (manaʿta) – Root: מנע (m-n-ʿ); Root Type: III-Guttural; Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “You withheld”; Notes: Emphasizes that YHWH did not refuse the king’s petition.
  9. סֶּלָה (selah) – Root: uncertain; Root Type: Liturgical term; Form: Musical or liturgical marker; Translation: “Selah”; Notes: Likely indicates a pause or musical interlude within the psalm.

 

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