עָלָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהִים בִּתְרוּעָ֑ה יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה בְּקֹ֣ול שֹׁופָֽר׃
God has gone up with a shout; YHWH with a voice of a shofar.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | עָלָה | ʿalah | “he has gone up” | Qal perfect 3ms |
| 2 | אֱלֹהִים | Elohim | “God” | N(mp) |
| 3 | בִּתְרוּעָה | bi-teruʿah | “with a shout” | Prep בְּ + N(fs) |
| 4 | יְהוָה | YHWH | “YHWH” | Proper Noun |
| 5 | בְּקֹול | be-qol | “with a voice” | Prep בְּ + N(ms) |
| 6 | שֹׁופָר | shofar | “shofar” | N(ms) |
Morphology
- עָלָה (ʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿ-l-h); Root Type: III-He (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he has gone up”; Notes: Describes ascent, often with connotations of elevation or enthronement. עָלָה (alah) is a Qal Perfect 3ms. While it can be a simple past (“went up”), the “has gone up” phrasing captures the state resulting from the action, a common way to handle the Hebrew Perfect in liturgy or proclamations of kingship.
- אֱלֹהִים (Elohim) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “God”; Notes: Though morphologically plural, it refers here to the singular God of Yisraʾel.
- בִּתְרוּעָה (bi-teruʿah) – Root: רוע (r-w-ʿ); Root Type: Hollow (weak); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “with a shout”; Notes: Indicates a loud, jubilant cry associated with celebration or proclamation. Teruah (תְּרוּעָה) is a difficult word to pin down with just one English term. It refers to a loud noise, either a human shout or a trumpet blast. Because it is paralleled with the shofar in the next clause, it often implies the rhythmic “clanging” or “shouting” of the instruments. However, “shout” is the most faithful literal translation of the root’s vocal aspect.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: —; Root Type: Proper Noun (Strong); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel, parallel to אֱלֹהִים in this verse.
- בְּקֹול (be-qol) – Root: קול (q-w-l); Root Type: Hollow (weak); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with a voice”; Notes: Specifies the audible means accompanying the ascent. While “the sound of the trumpet” is more common in literary translations, the use of “voice” (קֹול) stays true to the Hebrew’s tendency to anthropomorphize instruments or treat sounds as “voices.”
- שֹׁופָר (shofar) – Root: שפר (š-p-r); Root Type: Strong; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “shofar”; Notes: A ram’s horn trumpet used in ritual, signaling proclamation or divine action.