כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְנוּ כֵּן רָאִינוּ בְּעִיר־יְהוָה צְבָאֹות בְּעִיר אֱלֹהֵינוּ אֱלֹהִים יְכֹונְנֶהָ עַד־עֹולָם סֶלָה׃
As we have heard, so we have seen, in the city of YHWH of Hosts, in the city of our God, God will establish her unto eternity. Sela.
| # | Hebrew | Transliteration | Literal Gloss | Morph Tag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כַּאֲשֶׁר | ka-ʾasher | “as” | Prep כְ + Rel |
| 2 | שָׁמַעְנוּ | shamaʿnu | “we have heard” | Qal perfect 1cp |
| 3 | כֵּן | ken | “so” | Adv |
| 4 | רָאִינוּ | raʾinu | “we have seen” | Qal perfect 1cp |
| 5 | בְּעִיר־יְהוָה | be-ʿir-YHWH | “in the city of YHWH” | Prep בְּ + N(fs) construct + Proper N |
| 6 | צְבָאֹות | tsevaʾot | “hosts” | N(mp) |
| 7 | בְּעִיר | be-ʿir | “in the city of” | Prep בְּ + N(fs) construct |
| 8 | אֱלֹהֵינוּ | Eloheinu | “our God” | N(mp) + suff 1cp |
| 9 | אֱלֹהִים | Elohim | “God” | N(mp) |
| 10 | יְכֹונְנֶהָ | yekhoneneha | “He will establish her” | Polel imperfect 3ms + suff 3fs |
| 11 | עַד־עֹולָם | ʿad-ʿolam | “unto eternity” | Prep עַד + N(ms) |
| 12 | סֶלָה | selah | “Selah” | Particle |
Morphology
- כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka-ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾ-sh-r); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Preposition כְ + relative particle; Translation: “as”; Notes: Introduces comparison.
- שָׁמַעְנוּ (shamaʿnu) – Root: שׁמע (sh-m-ʿ); Root Type: III-Guttural (ע) (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 1st person common plural; Translation: “we have heard”; Notes: Refers to received tradition or report.
- כֵּן (ken) – Root: —; Root Type: Particle (Strong); Form: Adverb; Translation: “so”; Notes: Correspondence marker.
- רָאִינוּ (raʾinu) – Root: ראה (r-ʾ-h); Root Type: III-He (weak); Binyan: Qal; Form: Perfect 1st person common plural; Translation: “we have seen”; Notes: Direct experience.
- בְּעִיר־יְהוָה (be-ʿir-YHWH) – Root: עיר (ʿ-y-r); Root Type: I-Guttural (ע) (weak); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct (state: construct) + proper noun; Translation: “in the city of YHWH”; Notes: Location tied to divine presence.
- צְבָאֹות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (ṣ-b-ʾ); Root Type: III-Aleph (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “hosts”; Notes: Apposition to YHWH.
- בְּעִיר (be-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿ-y-r); Root Type: I-Guttural (ע) (weak); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct (state: construct); Translation: “in the city of”; Notes: Parallel structure.
- אֱלֹהֵינוּ (Eloheinu) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural + suffix 1st person common plural; Translation: “our God”; Notes: Possessive relationship.
- אֱלֹהִים (Elohim) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Root Type: I-Guttural (א) (weak); Form: Noun masculine plural (singular meaning); Translation: “God”; Notes: Subject of the following verb.
- יְכֹונְנֶהָ (yekhoneneha) – Root: כון (k-w-n); Root Type: Hollow (weak); Binyan: Polel; Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “He will establish her”; Notes: Intensive causative nuance.
- עַד־עֹולָם (ʿad-ʿolam) – Root: עד (ʿ-d) + עלם (ʿ-l-m); Root Type: I-Guttural (ע) (weak) + I-Guttural (ע) (weak); Form: Preposition עַד + noun masculine singular; Translation: “unto eternity”; Notes: Duration without end.
- סֶלָה (selah) – Root: —; Root Type: Particle (Strong); Form: Particle; Translation: “Selah”; Notes: Liturgical pause.