הַשְׁמִ֨יעוּ֙ עַל־אַרְמְנֹ֣ות בְּאַשְׁדֹּ֔וד וְעַֽל־אַרְמְנֹ֖ות בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם וְאִמְר֗וּ הֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ עַל־הָרֵ֣י שֹׁמְרֹ֔ון וּרְא֞וּ מְהוּמֹ֤ת רַבֹּות֙ בְּתֹוכָ֔הּ וַעֲשׁוּקִ֖ים בְּקִרְבָּֽהּ׃
Proclaim upon the palaces in Ashdod and upon the palaces in the land of Mitsrayim, and say: Assemble yourselves upon the mountains of Shomeron, and see the great tumults within her, and the oppressed in her midst.
Morphology
- הַשְׁמִ֨יעוּ֙ (hashmiʿu) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Hiphil imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “Proclaim”; Notes: Causative form meaning “cause to be heard”; a command to announce a divine message publicly.
- עַל־ (ʿal) – Root: —; Form: Preposition; Translation: “upon”; Notes: Indicates the location where the proclamation is directed.
- אַרְמְנֹ֣ות (armnot) – Root: ארמן (ʾarman); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “palaces”; Notes: Refers to royal or noble residences—symbolic of political power and corruption.
- בְּאַשְׁדֹּ֔וד (be-Ashdod) – Root: אשׁדוד (Ashdod); Form: Preposition בְּ + proper noun; Translation: “in Ashdod”; Notes: A major Philistine city, representing foreign nations observing Israel’s downfall.
- וְעַֽל־אַרְמְנֹ֖ות (ve-ʿal-armnot) – Root: ארמן (ʾarman); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition עַל + noun feminine plural; Translation: “and upon the palaces”; Notes: Extends the command to another foreign power, broadening the witness of judgment.
- בְּאֶ֣רֶץ (be-erets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the land of”; Notes: Marks geographical location.
- מִצְרָ֑יִם (Mitsrayim) – Root: מצרים (Mitsrayim); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Mitsrayim”; Notes: Refers to Egypt—another great power called to witness YHWH’s judgment on Yisraʾel.
- וְאִמְר֗וּ (ve-imru) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and say”; Notes: Commands continuation of the prophetic announcement.
- הֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ (heʾasfu) – Root: אסף (asaf); Form: Niphal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “Assemble yourselves”; Notes: Invites the nations to gather as spectators of judgment—passive-reflexive of “gather.”
- עַל־הָרֵ֣י (ʿal-harei) – Root: הר (har); Form: Preposition עַל + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “upon the mountains of”; Notes: Denotes elevated vantage point for observing the events in Shomeron.
- שֹׁמְרֹ֔ון (Shomeron) – Root: שׁמרון (Shomeron); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Shomeron”; Notes: Capital of the northern kingdom, representing the center of idolatry and injustice.
- וּרְא֞וּ (u-reʾu) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “and see”; Notes: Imperative of perception—commands observation of Israel’s internal turmoil.
- מְהוּמֹ֤ת (mehumot) – Root: המם (hamam); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “tumults”; Notes: Refers to confusion, violence, or chaos within the city; indicates societal disorder.
- רַבֹּות֙ (rabbot) – Root: רבב (ravav); Form: Adjective feminine plural; Translation: “great” or “many”; Notes: Intensifies the magnitude of the chaos within Shomeron.
- בְּתֹוכָ֔הּ (be-tokhah) – Root: תוך (tokh); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “within her”; Notes: Refers to the interior of the city—Shomeron’s moral and social center.
- וַעֲשׁוּקִ֖ים (va-ʿashuqim) – Root: עשׁק (ʿashaq); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal passive participle masculine plural; Translation: “and the oppressed”; Notes: Describes victims of injustice, reflecting social corruption and exploitation.
- בְּקִרְבָּֽהּ׃ (be-qirbah) – Root: קרב (qarav); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “in her midst”; Notes: Concludes the verse highlighting the pervasiveness of oppression within Shomeron’s very core.