Amos 4:7

וְגַ֣ם אָנֹכִי֩ מָנַ֨עְתִּי מִכֶּ֜ם אֶת־הַגֶּ֗שֶׁם בְּעֹ֨וד שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה חֳדָשִׁים֙ לַקָּצִ֔יר וְהִמְטַרְתִּי֙ עַל־עִ֣יר אֶחָ֔ת וְעַל־עִ֥יר אַחַ֖ת לֹ֣א אַמְטִ֑יר חֶלְקָ֤ה אַחַת֙ תִּמָּטֵ֔ר וְחֶלְקָ֛ה אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹֽא־תַמְטִ֥יר עָלֶ֖יהָ תִּיבָֽשׁ׃

“And I also withheld from you the rain, when there were still three months to the harvest, and I caused it to rain on one city and on another city I did not cause it to rain; one portion was rained upon, and the portion whereon it did not rain withered.

Morphology

1. וְגַ֣ם (ve-gam) – Root: —; Form: Conjunction וְ + adverb; Translation: “and also”; Notes: Introduces another divine act of judgment—continuing a sequence of disciplinary interventions.
2. אָנֹכִי֩ (ʾanokhi) – Root: —; Form: Independent pronoun 1st person common singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphatic form of the pronoun—underscoring YHWH’s personal agency.
3. מָנַ֨עְתִּי (manaʿti) – Root: מנע (manaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I withheld”; Notes: Indicates deliberate restraint—YHWH preventing rainfall as a disciplinary measure.
4. מִכֶּ֜ם (mikem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition מִן + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “from you”; Notes: Specifies the nation of Yisraʾel as the object of divine deprivation.
5. אֶת־הַגֶּ֗שֶׁם (et-ha-geshem) – Root: גשׁם (geshem); Form: Direct object marker אֵת + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the rain”; Notes: Symbol of blessing turned into a withheld resource of judgment.
6. בְּעֹ֨וד (be-ʿod) – Root: עוד (ʿod); Form: Preposition בְּ + adverbial noun; Translation: “when there were still”; Notes: Marks the timing before harvest—intensifying the hardship.
7. שְׁלֹשָׁ֤ה (sheloshah) – Root: שׁלשׁ (shalosh); Form: Numeral masculine singular absolute; Translation: “three”; Notes: Indicates the duration remaining before the harvest season.
8. חֳדָשִׁים֙ (ḥodashim) – Root: חדשׁ (ḥodesh); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “months”; Notes: Specifies the agricultural timing—three months before harvest, when rainfall is most crucial.
9. לַקָּצִ֔יר (la-qatsir) – Root: קצר (qatsar); Form: Preposition לְ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the harvest”; Notes: Indicates the seasonal context for the withheld rain.
10. וְהִמְטַרְתִּי֙ (ve-himtarti) – Root: מטר (matar); Form: Conjunction וְ + Hiphil perfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “and I caused it to rain”; Notes: Causative form—YHWH selectively sends rain to illustrate His sovereign control.
11. עַל־עִ֣יר (ʿal-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Preposition עַל + noun feminine singular; Translation: “upon a city”; Notes: Describes localized rain—emphasizing divine selectivity and uneven judgment.
12. אֶחָ֔ת (eḥat) – Root: אחד (ʾeḥad); Form: Numeral feminine singular; Translation: “one”; Notes: Modifies “city”—a contrast with another city that received no rain.
13. וְעַל־עִ֥יר (ve-ʿal-ʿir) – Root: עיר (ʿir); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition עַל + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and upon a city”; Notes: Introduces the contrasting condition.
14. אַחַ֖ת (aḥat) – Root: אחד (ʾeḥad); Form: Numeral feminine singular; Translation: “another”; Notes: Parallel to the previous “one,” emphasizing divine differentiation.
15. לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: —; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denotes negation—no rain granted.
16. אַמְטִ֑יר (amtir) – Root: מטר (matar); Form: Hiphil imperfect 1st person common singular; Translation: “I will cause to rain”; Notes: Expresses future or habitual divine control—denying rainfall selectively.
17. חֶלְקָ֤ה (ḥelqah) – Root: חלק (ḥalaq); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “a portion” or “a field”; Notes: Refers to agricultural plots distinguished by divine favor or lack thereof.
18. אַחַת֙ (aḥat) – Root: אחד (ʾeḥad); Form: Numeral feminine singular; Translation: “one”; Notes: Specifies a particular field receiving rain.
19. תִּמָּטֵ֔ר (timater) – Root: מטר (matar); Form: Niphal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “it shall be rained upon”; Notes: Passive form—indicates divine action upon the land.
20. וְחֶלְקָ֛ה (ve-ḥelqah) – Root: חלק (ḥalaq); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and a portion”; Notes: Introduces the contrasting condition.
21. אֲשֶֽׁר־לֹֽא־תַמְטִ֥יר (ʾasher-lo-tamtir) – Root: מטר (matar); Form: Relative particle + negative particle + Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “which you did not cause to rain”; Notes: YHWH addressed in the second person—continuing the personified description of His actions.
22. עָלֶ֖יהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: —; Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “upon it”; Notes: Refers to the particular portion of land deprived of rain.
23. תִּיבָֽשׁ׃ (tibash) – Root: יבשׁ (yavash); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “it shall wither”; Notes: Conveys the natural consequence of divine withholding—drought-induced barrenness.