Amos 6:14

כִּ֡י הִנְנִי֩ מֵקִ֨ים עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נְאֻם־יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַצְּבָאֹ֖ות גֹּ֑וי וְלָחֲצ֥וּ אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִלְּבֹ֥וא חֲמָ֖ת עַד־נַ֥חַל הָעֲרָבָֽה׃ ס

For behold, I am raising up against you, O house of Yisraʾel,” declares YHWH, the God of Hosts, “a nation, and they shall oppress you from the entrance of Ḥamat to the brook of the ʿArava.”

Morphology

1. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי (ki); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces the cause or reason for the preceding oracle of judgment.
2. הִנְנִי (hinneni) – Root: נה (nh); Form: Interjection + pronoun 1st person common singular; Translation: “Behold, I”; Notes: A self-referential divine declaration emphasizing immediacy and certainty of YHWH’s action.
3. מֵקִים (meqim) – Root: קום (qum); Form: Hifil participle masculine singular; Translation: “am raising up”; Notes: Indicates YHWH’s sovereign act of bringing a foreign power into existence or action as an instrument of judgment.
4. עֲלֵיכֶם (ʿaleikhem) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition עַל + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “against you”; Notes: Marks the object of divine opposition—the house of Yisraʾel.
5. בֵּית (beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “house of”; Notes: Refers collectively to the people or kingdom of Yisraʾel.
6. יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שרה (sarah) + אל (ʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Represents the northern kingdom as the target of divine retribution.
7. נְאֻם־יְהוָה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + divine name; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: A prophetic formula introducing or authenticating the divine message.
8. אֱלֹהֵי (ʾelohei) – Root: אלה (ʾeloh); Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “God of”; Notes: Designates divine sovereignty and relationship to the following attribute.
9. הַצְּבָאֹות (ha-tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא (tsavaʾ); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the hosts”; Notes: Refers to the heavenly and earthly armies under YHWH’s command.
10. גֹּוי (goy) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a nation”; Notes: Refers to a foreign power, likely Assyria, which YHWH will use as His instrument of punishment.
11. וְלָחֲצוּ (ve-laḥatsu) – Root: לחץ (laḥats); Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they shall oppress”; Notes: Indicates the action of the invading nation—continuous pressure or affliction.
12. אֶתְכֶם (etkhem) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker + suffix 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you”; Notes: The direct object of the oppression—refers to the people of Yisraʾel.
13. מִלְּבֹוא (mil-levoʾ) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Preposition מִן + infinitive construct with prefixed article; Translation: “from the entrance of”; Notes: Indicates the starting boundary of the land under oppression.
14. חֲמָת (Ḥamat) – Root: —; Form: Proper noun, place name; Translation: “Ḥamat”; Notes: Northern border city of Yisraʾel, often symbolizing the farthest limit of the land.
15. עַד (ʿad) – Root: —; Form: Preposition; Translation: “to” or “as far as”; Notes: Marks the extent of the geographical span.
16. נַחַל (naḥal) – Root: נחל (naḥal); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wadi” or “river valley”; Notes: Refers to a seasonal watercourse, used here to describe the southern border.
17. הָעֲרָבָה (ha-ʿaravah) – Root: ערב (ʿarav); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the ʿAravah”; Notes: Refers to the rift valley stretching south of the Dead Sea; represents the southern boundary of Yisraʾel’s territory.
18. ס (samekh) – Root: —; Form: Masoretic section marker (*setumah*); Translation: —; Notes: Indicates a minor pause or sectional division within the prophetic text.