אֵ֣לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּעֵ֖בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן בַּמִּדְבָּ֡ר בָּֽעֲרָבָה֩ מֹ֨ול ס֜וּף בֵּֽין־פָּארָ֧ן וּבֵֽין־תֹּ֛פֶל וְלָבָ֥ן וַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת וְדִ֥י זָהָֽב׃
These are the words that Moshe spoke to all Yisraʾel across the Yarden in the wilderness, in the ʿArava opposite Suf, between Paran and Tofel, and Lavan, and Ḥatzerot, and Di-zahav.
Morphology
- אֵ֣לֶּה (elleh) – Root: אלה (ʾlh); Form: Demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural; Translation: “These”; Notes: Refers to the following words.
- הַדְּבָרִ֗ים (hadd’varim) – Root: דבר (dbr); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the words”; Notes: Refers to the spoken statements.
- אֲשֶׁ֨ר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾšr); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “that”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause.
- דִּבֶּ֤ר (dibber) – Root: דבר (dbr); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “spoke”; Notes: Emphasizes the act of speaking.
- מֹשֶׁה֙ (Mosheh) – Root: משה (mšh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: The leader of Yisra’el.
- אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (ʾel-kol-Yisra’el) – Root: אל (ʾl) + כל (kl) + שׂראל (śrʾl); Form: Preposition + noun, singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “to all Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the entire nation.
- בְּעֵ֖בֶר (beʿever) – Root: עבר (ʿbr); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “across”; Notes: Indicates location across the Yarden.
- הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן (haYarden) – Root: ירד (yrd); Form: Proper noun with definite article; Translation: “the Yarden”; Notes: Refers to the Jordan River.
- בַּמִּדְבָּ֡ר (bamidbar) – Root: דבר (dbr); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the wilderness”; Notes: Describes the setting.
- בָּֽעֲרָבָה֩ (baʿaravah) – Root: ערב (ʿrb); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the Arabah”; Notes: Refers to a desert plain.
- מֹ֨ול (mol) – Root: מול (mwl); Form: Adverb; Translation: “opposite”; Notes: Indicates position relative to Suf.
- ס֜וּף (Suf) – Root: סוף (swp); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Suf”; Notes: Likely refers to the Red Sea.
- בֵּֽין־פָּארָ֧ן (bein-Paran) – Root: בין (byn) + פארן (prn); Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “between Paran”; Notes: Geographical location.
- וּבֵֽין־תֹּ֛פֶל (u-vein-Tophel) – Root: בין (byn) + תפל (tpl); Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and between Tophel”; Notes: Another geographical reference.
- וְלָבָ֥ן (veLavan) – Root: לבן (lbn); Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Lavan”; Notes: A place name.
- וַחֲצֵרֹ֖ת (vaḥatzerot) – Root: חצר (ḥṣr); Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Ḥatzerot”; Notes: Another location.
- וְדִ֥י זָהָֽב׃ (veDi Zahav) – Root: זהב (zhv); Form: Conjunction + proper noun; Translation: “and Di Zahav”; Notes: Likely a place associated with gold.