שֹׂ֣ום תָּשִׂ֤ים עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ מֶ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִבְחַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ בֹּ֑ו מִקֶּ֣רֶב אַחֶ֗יךָ תָּשִׂ֤ים עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ מֶ֔לֶךְ לֹ֣א תוּכַ֗ל לָתֵ֤ת עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ אִ֣ישׁ נָכְרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־אָחִ֖יךָ הֽוּא׃
You shall surely set a king over you whom YHWH your God chooses; from among your brothers you shall set a king over you. You may not set a foreigner over you, one who is not your brother.
Morphology
- שֹׂ֣ום (som) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “You shall surely set”; Notes: Expresses emphasis or certainty.
- תָּשִׂ֤ים (tasim) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall set”; Notes: Indicates a command or directive.
- עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ (ʿalekha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “over you”; Notes: Refers to appointing authority over the people.
- מֶ֔לֶךְ (melek) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a king”; Notes: Refers to a monarch or ruler.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “whom”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- יִבְחַ֛ר (yivḥar) – Root: בחר (baḥar); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “chooses”; Notes: Refers to God’s sovereign decision.
- יְהוָ֥ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Refers to the covenant God of Israel.
- אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ (Elohekha) – Root: אלה (ʾeloh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Refers to the personal deity of Israel.
- בֹּ֑ו (bo) – Root: ב־ (b); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “in him”; Notes: Refers to the chosen king.
- מִקֶּ֣רֶב (mi-qerev) – Root: קרב (qerev); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “from among”; Notes: Indicates origin or proximity.
- אַחֶ֗יךָ (aḥekha) – Root: אח (aḥ); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your brothers”; Notes: Refers to fellow Israelites.
- תָּשִׂ֤ים (tasim) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall set”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ (ʿalekha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “over you”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- מֶ֔לֶךְ (melek) – Root: מלך (melek); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a king”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- לֹ֣א (lo) – Root: לא (lo); Form: Negative particle; Translation: “You may not”; Notes: Indicates prohibition.
- תוּכַ֗ל (tukhal) – Root: יכל (yakhal); Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “set”; Notes: Refers to the act of appointing.
- לָתֵ֤ת (latet) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to appoint”; Notes: Refers to the act of making someone king.
- עָלֶ֨יךָ֙ (ʿalekha) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “over you”; Notes: Refers to rulership.
- אִ֣ישׁ (ish) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a man”; Notes: Refers to the individual to be king.
- נָכְרִ֔י (nokhri) – Root: נכר (nakhar); Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “a foreigner”; Notes: Refers to someone outside the Israelite community.
- אֲשֶׁ֥ר (asher) – Root: אשר (asher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces a subordinate clause.
- לֹֽא־אָחִ֖יךָ (lo-aḥikha) – Root: אח (aḥ); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with negative particle and 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “is not your brother”; Notes: Emphasizes the requirement of kinship.
- הֽוּא׃ (hu) – Root: הוא (hu); Form: Pronoun, masculine singular; Translation: “he”; Notes: Refers to the potential king.