בְּבֹ֣וא כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֵרָאֹות֙ אֶת־פְּנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בַּמָּקֹ֖ום אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִבְחָ֑ר תִּקְרָ֞א אֶת־הַתֹּורָ֥ה הַזֹּ֛את נֶ֥גֶד כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּאָזְנֵיהֶֽם׃
When all Yisraʾel comes to see the face of YHWH your God in the place which He will choose, you shall read this Torah before all Yisraʾel in their hearing.
Morphology
- בְּבֹ֣וא (bevō) – Root: בּוֹא (b-v-ʾ); Form: Preposition + infinitive construct; Translation: “When comes”; Notes: Indicates the timing of the action.
- כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל (kol-Yisra’el) – Root: יִשְׂרָאֵל (Y-s-r-ʾ-l); Form: Construct phrase with collective noun; Translation: “all Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the entire community of Yisra’el.
- לֵרָאֹות֙ (lerā’ot) – Root: רָאָה (r-ʾ-h); Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to see”; Notes: Refers to appearing before YHWH.
- אֶת־פְּנֵי֙ (et-penei) – Root: פָּנִים (p-n-y-m); Form: Direct object marker + construct noun; Translation: “the face of”; Notes: Idiomatic expression meaning “to appear before.”
- יְהוָ֣ה (YHWH) – Root: The Tetragrammaton; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal name of the God of Yisra’el.
- אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ (Elohekha) – Root: אֱלֹהִים (ʾ-l-h); Form: Masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your Elohim”; Notes: Denotes the covenantal relationship.
- בַּמָּקֹ֖ום (bammaqom) – Root: מָקוֹם (m-q-w-m); Form: Preposition + definite masculine singular noun; Translation: “in the place”; Notes: Refers to the central sanctuary.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: Relative pronoun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces a relative clause.
- יִבְחָ֑ר (yivḥar) – Root: בָּחַר (b-ḥ-r); Form: Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular, Qal stem; Translation: “He will choose”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s selection of the place of worship.
- תִּקְרָ֞א (tiqra) – Root: קָרָא (q-r-ʾ); Form: Imperfect 2nd person masculine singular, Qal stem; Translation: “you shall read”; Notes: Command to proclaim the Torah publicly.
- אֶת־הַתֹּורָ֥ה (et-hattorah) – Root: תּוֹרָה (t-w-r-h); Form: Direct object marker + definite feminine singular noun; Translation: “the Torah”; Notes: Refers to the teachings or law given by YHWH.
- הַזֹּ֛את (hazot) – Root: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: Feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Specifies the Torah referred to in the command.
- נֶ֥גֶד (neged) – Root: Preposition; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates the presence of the entire community.
- כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (kol-Yisra’el) – Root: יִשְׂרָאֵל (Y-s-r-ʾ-l); Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “all Yisra’el”; Notes: Emphasizes the collective audience.
- בְּאָזְנֵיהֶֽם (be’ozneihem) – Root: אֹזֶן (ʾ-z-n); Form: Preposition + plural construct noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “in their hearing”; Notes: Ensures that the reading is audible to all.