הֵ֚ם קִנְא֣וּנִי בְלֹא־אֵ֔ל כִּעֲס֖וּנִי בְּהַבְלֵיהֶ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ אַקְנִיאֵ֣ם בְּלֹא־עָ֔ם בְּגֹ֥וי נָבָ֖ל אַכְעִיסֵֽם׃
They made Me jealous with that which is not God; they provoked Me to anger with their vanities. And I will make them jealous with those who are not a people; with a foolish nation will I provoke them to anger.
Morphology
- הֵ֚ם (hem) – Root: Pronoun; Form: 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “They”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yisra’el.
- קִנְא֣וּנִי (qin’uni) – Root: קנא (q-n-ʾ); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “They made Me jealous”; Notes: Indicates provocation through idolatry.
- בְלֹא־אֵ֔ל (velo-El) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition with negative particle + noun; Translation: “with that which is not God”; Notes: Refers to idols or false gods.
- כִּעֲס֖וּנִי (ki’asuni) – Root: כעס (k-ʿ-s); Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “They provoked Me to anger”; Notes: Emphasizes YHWH’s reaction to their idolatry.
- בְּהַבְלֵיהֶ֑ם (be-havleihem) – Root: הבל (h-v-l); Form: Preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “with their vanities”; Notes: Refers to worthless idols or empty pursuits.
- וַאֲנִי֙ (va-ani) – Root: Pronoun with conjunction; Form: 1st person singular; Translation: “And I”; Notes: Introduces YHWH’s response.
- אַקְנִיאֵ֣ם (akni’em) – Root: קנא (q-n-ʾ); Form: Hifil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “I will make them jealous”; Notes: YHWH mirrors their actions.
- בְּלֹא־עָ֔ם (belo-am) – Root: עם (ʿ-m); Form: Preposition with negative particle + masculine singular noun; Translation: “with those who are not a people”; Notes: Refers to a group not recognized as a nation, perhaps Gentiles.
- בְּגֹ֥וי (be-goy) – Root: גוי (g-w-y); Form: Preposition + masculine singular noun; Translation: “with a nation”; Notes: Refers to a foreign or foolish nation.
- נָבָ֖ל (naval) – Root: נבל (n-b-l); Form: Masculine singular adjective; Translation: “foolish”; Notes: Describes the moral character of the nation.
- אַכְעִיסֵֽם׃ (akh’isem) – Root: כעס (k-ʿ-s); Form: Hifil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “I will provoke them to anger”; Notes: YHWH’s deliberate provocation reflects their own actions.