כִּֽי־מִגֶּ֤פֶן סְדֹם֙ גַּפְנָ֔ם וּמִשַּׁדְמֹ֖ת עֲמֹרָ֑ה עֲנָבֵ֨מֹו֙ עִנְּבֵי־רֹ֔ושׁ אַשְׁכְּלֹ֥ת מְרֹרֹ֖ת לָֽמֹו׃
For their vine is from the vine of Sedom, and from the fields of ʿAmora; their grapes are grapes of poison, their clusters are bitter to them.
Morphology
- כִּֽי־ (ki-) – Root: כִּי (k-y); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces a reason or explanation.
- מִגֶּ֤פֶן (miggefen) – Root: גֶּפֶן (g-p-n); Form: Preposition מִן־ “from” + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “from the vine”; Notes: Indicates the origin or source.
- סְדֹם֙ (Sedom) – Root: סְדֹם (s-d-m); Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Sedom”; Notes: Refers to the infamous city of Sodom.
- גַּפְנָ֔ם (gafnam) – Root: גֶּפֶן (g-p-n); Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their vine”; Notes: Symbolically refers to their corrupt nature.
- וּמִשַּׁדְמֹ֖ת (umishadmot) – Root: שָׁדֵם (sh-d-m); Form: Conjunction + preposition מִן־ “from” + noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “and from the fields”; Notes: Refers to agricultural fields, symbolizing fruitfulness turned corrupt.
- עֲמֹרָ֑ה (ʿAmorah) – Root: עֲמֹרָה (ʿ-m-r-h); Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “ʿAmorah”; Notes: Refers to the city of Gomorrah, paired with Sodom in biblical texts.
- עֲנָבֵ֨מֹו֙ (ʿanavemo) – Root: עֵנָב (ʿ-n-v); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their grapes”; Notes: Continues the metaphor of corrupt fruit.
- עִנְּבֵי־רֹ֔ושׁ (ʿinnevei-rosh) – Root: רֹאשׁ (r-ʾ-sh); Form: Noun masculine plural construct + noun masculine singular; Translation: “grapes of poison”; Notes: Suggests bitter or toxic fruit, symbolizing moral corruption.
- אַשְׁכְּלֹ֥ת (ashkelot) – Root: אֶשְׁכֹּל (ʾ-sh-k-l); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “clusters”; Notes: Refers to clusters of grapes.
- מְרֹרֹ֖ת (merorot) – Root: מָרַר (m-r-r); Form: Adjective feminine plural; Translation: “bitter”; Notes: Describes the taste of the fruit, metaphorically referring to the consequences of wickedness.
- לָֽמֹו׃ (lamo) – Root: לְ (l); Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Indicates that the bitterness directly affects them.