Deuteronomy 5:12

שָׁמֹ֣֛ור אֶת־יֹ֥ום֩ הַשַּׁבָּ֖֨ת לְקַדְּשֹׁ֑֜ו כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖֣ יְהוָ֥֣ה אֱלֹהֶֽ֗יךָ׃

Observe the Sabbath day to keep it holy, as YHWH your God commanded you.

Morphology

1. שָׁמֹ֣֛ור (shamor) – Root: שמר (shamar); Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “Observe”; Notes: Emphasizes the command to keep or guard.
2. אֶת־יֹ֥ום (et-yom) – Root: יום (yom); Form: Direct object marker with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the day of”; Notes: Refers to a specific, designated time.
3. הַשַּׁבָּ֖֨ת (ha-shabbat) – Root: שבת (shavat); Form: Definite article with noun, masculine singular; Translation: “the Sabbath”; Notes: Refers to the day of rest and sanctity.
4. לְקַדְּשֹׁ֑֜ו (le-kaddesho) – Root: קדש (qadash); Form: Piel infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to keep it holy”; Notes: Indicates setting apart the Sabbath as sacred.
5. כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר (ka-asher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Preposition with relative pronoun; Translation: “as”; Notes: Introduces a comparison or reason.
6. צִוְּךָ֖֣ (tzivkha) – Root: צוה (tzavah); Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “commanded you”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s direct instruction.
7. יְהוָ֥֣ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה (hwh); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of God.
8. אֱלֹהֶֽ֗יךָ (Elohekha) – Root: אלה (ʾeloh); Form: Noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your God”; Notes: Indicates a personal relationship between YHWH and Israel.