וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֣ם בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וַיִּ֥בֶן מִזְבֵּ֖חַ תַּ֣חַת הָהָ֑ר וּשְׁתֵּ֤ים עֶשְׂרֵה֙ מַצֵּבָ֔ה לִשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
And Moshe wrote all the words of YHWH, and he rose early in the morning and built an altar under the mountain and twelve pillars for the twelve tribes of Yisrael.
Morphology
- וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב (vayikhtov) – Root: כתב (k-t-v); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Wayyiqtol, 3ms; Translation: “And he wrote”; Notes: Refers to Moshe recording YHWH’s words.
- מֹשֶׁ֗ה (Mosheh) – Root: משׁה (m-sh-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Moshe”; Notes: The name of the prophet and leader.
- אֵ֚ת (et) – Root: N/A; Form: Definite direct object marker; Translation: “The”; Notes: Indicates the object of the verb “wrote.”
- כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י (kol-divrei) – Root: דבר (d-b-r); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “All the words of”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s spoken commands.
- יְהוָ֔ה (YHWH) – Root: N/A; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, God’s name.
- וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֣ם (vayashkem) – Root: שׁכם (sh-k-m); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Hifil, Wayyiqtol, 3ms; Translation: “And he rose early”; Notes: Indicates deliberate action early in the morning.
- בַּבֹּ֔קֶר (baboker) – Root: בקר (b-q-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular with preposition; Translation: “In the morning”; Notes: Time indicator.
- וַיִּ֥בֶן (vayiven) – Root: בנה (b-n-h); Form: Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Wayyiqtol, 3ms; Translation: “And he built”; Notes: Describes the construction of an altar.
- מִזְבֵּ֖חַ (mizbeḥ) – Root: זבח (z-b-ḥ); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “An altar”; Notes: Refers to the structure for offerings to YHWH.
- תַּ֣חַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת (t-ḥ-t); Form: Preposition; Translation: “Under”; Notes: Locative preposition indicating position relative to the mountain.
- הָהָ֑ר (ha-har) – Root: הר (h-r); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The mountain”; Notes: Refers to Mount Sinai.
- וּשְׁתֵּ֤ים (ushteim) – Root: שׁנים (sh-n-y-m); Form: Numeral, feminine dual; Translation: “And twelve”; Notes: Describes the number of pillars.
- עֶשְׂרֵה֙ (esreh) – Root: עשר (ʿ-s-r); Form: Numeral; Translation: “Twelve”; Notes: Completes the numeric description.
- מַצֵּבָ֔ה (matsevah) – Root: נצב (n-ts-v); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Pillars”; Notes: Refers to standing stones representing the tribes.
- לִשְׁנֵ֥ים (lishnei) – Root: שׁנים (sh-n-y-m); Form: Preposition + Numeral, masculine plural construct; Translation: “For the twelve”; Notes: Refers to the number of tribes.
- עָשָׂ֖ר (asar) – Root: עשר (ʿ-s-r); Form: Numeral; Translation: “Twelve”; Notes: Part of the numeric description.
- שִׁבְטֵ֥י (shivtei) – Root: שׁבט (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Tribes of”; Notes: Refers to the tribes of Yisrael.
- יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (Yisrael) – Root: שׂרה (s-r-h) + אל (ʾ-l); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisrael”; Notes: Refers to the nation of the children of Yaʿaqov.