וְ֠הָאֲבָנִים תִּֽהְיֶ֜יןָ עַל־שְׁמֹ֧ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה עַל־שְׁמֹתָ֑ם פִּתּוּחֵ֤י חֹותָם֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל־שְׁמֹ֔ו תִּֽהְיֶ֕יןָ לִשְׁנֵ֥י עָשָׂ֖ר שָֽׁבֶט׃
And the stones shall be upon the names of the sons of Yisra’el, twelve according to their names, engravings of a signet, each according to his name; they shall be for the twelve tribes.
Morphology
- וְ֠הָאֲבָנִים (veha’avanim) – Root: אבן (ʾ-b-n); Form: Conjunction + Noun, feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “And the stones”; Notes: Refers to the stones on the breastplate.
- תִּֽהְיֶ֜יןָ (tihyenah) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, qal imperfect, third person feminine plural; Translation: “Shall be”; Notes: Indicates future placement.
- עַל־שְׁמֹ֧ת (ʿal-shemot) – Root: שם (sh-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Upon the names”; Notes: Specifies the association of stones with names.
- בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל (benei-Yisra’el) – Root: בן (b-n); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “The sons of Yisra’el”; Notes: Refers to the twelve tribes.
- שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה (shteim esreh) – Root: שנים (sh-n-y-m); Form: Cardinal number, feminine; Translation: “Twelve”; Notes: The number of stones and tribes.
- עַל־שְׁמֹתָ֑ם (ʿal-shemotam) – Root: שם (sh-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural with third person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “According to their names”; Notes: Indicates alignment with individual tribes.
- פִּתּוּחֵ֤י חֹותָם֙ (pittuḥei ḥotam) – Root: פתח (p-t-ḥ), חותם (ḥ-t-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Engravings of a signet”; Notes: Describes the carved names.
- אִ֣ישׁ עַל־שְׁמֹ֔ו (ish ʿal-shemo) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh), שם (sh-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular + Preposition + Noun, masculine singular with third person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “Each according to his name”; Notes: Individual identification for each stone.
- תִּֽהְיֶ֕יןָ (tihyenah) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, qal imperfect, third person feminine plural; Translation: “They shall be”; Notes: Repetition for emphasis on arrangement.
- לִשְׁנֵ֥י עָשָׂ֖ר (lishnei asar) – Root: שנים (sh-n-y-m); Form: Preposition + Cardinal number, masculine; Translation: “For the twelve”; Notes: Specifies the twelve tribes.
- שָֽׁבֶט (shevet) – Root: שבט (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Tribe”; Notes: Singular form representing each tribe.