שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֮ יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיֹּ֣ום הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֧ת שַׁבָּתֹ֛ון קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַיהוָ֑ה כָּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֧ה מְלָאכָ֛ה בְּיֹ֥ום הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת מֹ֥ות יוּמָֽת׃
Six days work may be done, but on the seventh day there is a Sabbath of complete rest, holy to YHWH. Whoever does any work on the Sabbath day shall surely be put to death.’
Morphology
- שֵׁ֣שֶׁת (sheshet) – Root: שש (sh-sh); Form: Numeral, masculine singular construct; Translation: “Six”; Notes: Refers to the six days allowed for work.
- יָמִים֮ (yamim) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “Days”; Notes: Refers to a standard six-day workweek.
- יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה (ye’aseh) – Root: עשׂה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Verb, Niphal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “May be done”; Notes: Indicates that work is permissible during this period.
- מְלָאכָה֒ (melakhah) – Root: מלאך (m-l-ʾ-k); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Work”; Notes: Refers to labor or occupation.
- וּבַיֹּ֣ום (uvayom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “But on the day”; Notes: Introduces an exception to the work rule.
- הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י (hashvi’i) – Root: שבע (sh-b-ʿ); Form: Adjective, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “The seventh”; Notes: Refers to the Sabbath day.
- שַׁבַּ֧ת (shabbat) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “A Sabbath”; Notes: Refers to the day of rest.
- שַׁבָּתֹ֛ון (shabbaton) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Of complete rest”; Notes: Emphasizes the sacred cessation of labor.
- קֹ֖דֶשׁ (kodesh) – Root: קדש (q-d-sh); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Holy”; Notes: Indicates the sanctity of the Sabbath.
- לַיהוָ֑ה (laYHWH) – Root: יהוה (y-h-w-h); Form: Preposition + Proper noun; Translation: “To YHWH”; Notes: Specifies the Sabbath as dedicated to YHWH.
- כָּל־ (kol) – Root: כל (k-l); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “Whoever”; Notes: Refers to anyone who violates the Sabbath.
- הָעֹשֶׂ֧ה (ha’oseh) – Root: עשׂה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Participle, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “Does”; Notes: Refers to performing work.
- מְלָאכָ֛ה (melakhah) – Root: מלאך (m-l-ʾ-k); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Work”; Notes: Indicates labor prohibited on the Sabbath.
- בְּיֹ֥ום (beyom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “On the day”; Notes: Refers to the Sabbath day.
- הַשַּׁבָּ֖ת (hashabbat) – Root: שבת (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “The Sabbath”; Notes: The holy day of rest.
- מֹ֥ות (mot) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Noun, infinitive absolute; Translation: “Surely”; Notes: Emphasizes the certainty of punishment.
- יוּמָֽת׃ (yumat) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Verb, Hophal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “He shall be put to death”; Notes: Indicates the prescribed penalty for violating the Sabbath.