שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֮ תֵּעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיֹּ֣ום הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י יִהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם קֹ֛דֶשׁ שַׁבַּ֥ת שַׁבָּתֹ֖ון לַיהוָ֑ה כָּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה בֹ֛ו מְלָאכָ֖ה יוּמָֽת׃
Six days work shall be done, but on the seventh day it shall be holy to you, a Sabbath of complete rest to YHWH. Whoever does work on it shall be put to death.
Morphology
- שֵׁ֣שֶׁת (sheishet) – Root: ששׁ (sh-sh); Form: Noun, singular construct; Translation: “Six”; Notes: Refers to the six days allocated for work.
- יָמִים֮ (yamim) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “Days”; Notes: Complements the construct phrase “six days.”
- תֵּעָשֶׂ֣ה (te’aseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Verb, Niphal, Imperfect, 3fs; Translation: “Shall be done”; Notes: Indicates work being performed passively.
- מְלָאכָה֒ (melakhah) – Root: מלאך (m-l-ʾ-k); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Work”; Notes: Refers to labor or tasks.
- וּבַיֹּ֣ום (uva-yom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular definite; Translation: “But on the day”; Notes: Specifies the seventh day.
- הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י (hashviʿi) – Root: שׁבע (sh-b-ʿ); Form: Adjective, masculine singular definite; Translation: “The seventh”; Notes: Describes the specific day.
- יִהְיֶ֨ה (yihyeh) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “It shall be”; Notes: Marks the condition of the seventh day.
- לָכֶ֥ם (lakhem) – Root: ל (l); Form: Preposition + 2mp suffix; Translation: “To you”; Notes: Indicates the audience.
- קֹ֛דֶשׁ (qodesh) – Root: קדשׁ (q-d-sh); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Holy”; Notes: Describes the sanctity of the day.
- שַׁבַּ֥ת (shabbat) – Root: שׁבת (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Sabbath”; Notes: Refers to the weekly day of rest.
- שַׁבָּתֹ֖ון (shabbaton) – Root: שׁבת (sh-b-t); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Complete rest”; Notes: Amplifies the nature of rest on the Sabbath.
- לַיהוָ֑ה (laYHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “To YHWH”; Notes: Specifies the dedication of the Sabbath to YHWH.
- כָּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה (kol-haʿoseh) – Root: עשה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Noun construct + verb, Qal, Participle, masculine singular; Translation: “Whoever does”; Notes: Refers to any individual performing work.
- בֹ֛ו (bo) – Root: ב (b); Form: Preposition + 3ms suffix; Translation: “On it”; Notes: Specifies the seventh day.
- מְלָאכָ֖ה (melakhah) – Root: מלאך (m-l-ʾ-k); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Work”; Notes: Reiterates the forbidden activity.
- יוּמָֽת׃ (yumat) – Root: מות (m-w-t); Form: Verb, Hofal, Imperfect, 3ms; Translation: “Shall be put to death”; Notes: Expresses the consequence for violating the Sabbath.