וַיַּמְרוּ־בִ֣י הַבָּנִ֗ים בְּחֻקֹּותַ֣י לֹֽא־֠הָלָכוּ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֨י לֹא־שָׁמְר֜וּ לַעֲשֹׂ֣ות אֹותָ֗ם אֲשֶׁר֩ יַעֲשֶׂ֨ה אֹותָ֤ם הָֽאָדָם֙ וָחַ֣י בָּהֶ֔ם אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹותַ֖י חִלֵּ֑לוּ וָאֹמַ֞ר לִשְׁפֹּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לְכַלֹּ֥ות אַפִּ֛י בָּ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃
And the sons rebelled against Me; in My statutes they did not walk, and My judgments they did not keep to do them, which if a man does them he shall live in them; My sabbaths they profaned, and I said to pour out My fury upon them, to consume My anger against them in the wilderness.
Morphology
- וַיַּמְרוּ־בִי – Root: מָרָה; Form: Hifil wayyiqtol 3cp + preposition + 1cs suffix; Translation: “And they rebelled against me”; Notes: Indicates open defiance.
- הַבָּנִים – Root: בֵּן; Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the sons”; Notes: Refers to the next generation of Yisraʾel.
- בְּחֻקֹּותַי – Root: חֹק; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural + 1cs suffix; Translation: “in my statutes”; Notes: Fixed divine decrees.
- לֹא־הָלָכוּ – Root: הָלַךְ; Form: Qal perfect 3cp with negative particle; Translation: “they did not walk”; Notes: Idiomatic for living according to God’s ways.
- וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַי – Root: מִשְׁפָּט; Form: Conjunction + direct object marker + noun masculine plural + 1cs suffix; Translation: “and my judgments”; Notes: Legal ordinances of YHWH.
- לֹא־שָׁמְרוּ – Root: שָׁמַר; Form: Qal perfect 3cp with negative particle; Translation: “they did not keep”; Notes: Refers to disobedience.
- לַעֲשֹׂות – Root: עָשָׂה; Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to do”; Notes: Indicates purpose of keeping statutes.
- אֹותָם – Form: Object pronoun 3mp; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers to statutes and judgments.
- אֲשֶׁר – Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which”; Notes: Introduces conditional clause.
- יַעֲשֶׂה – Root: עָשָׂה; Form: Qal imperfect 3ms; Translation: “does”; Notes: Expresses conditional action.
- אֹותָם – Form: Object pronoun 3mp; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers again to divine statutes.
- הָאָדָם – Root: אָדָם; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the man”; Notes: Represents any human individual.
- וָחַי – Root: חָיָה; Form: Qal perfect (converted) 3ms; Translation: “he shall live”; Notes: Expresses consequence of obedience.
- בָּהֶם – Root: הֵם; Form: Preposition בְּ + third mp suffix; Translation: “in them”; Notes: Refers to God’s statutes and judgments as life-giving.
- אֶת־שַׁבְּתֹותַי – Root: שַׁבָּת; Form: Direct object marker + noun feminine plural + 1cs suffix; Translation: “my sabbaths”; Notes: Central covenant sign.
- חִלֵּלוּ – Root: חָלַל; Form: Piel perfect 3cp; Translation: “they profaned”; Notes: Desecration of holiness.
- וָאֹמַר – Root: אָמַר; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 1cs; Translation: “and I said”; Notes: YHWH’s intended response of judgment.
- לִשְׁפֹּךְ – Root: שָׁפַךְ; Form: Preposition לְ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “to pour out”; Notes: Refers to divine wrath.
- חֲמָתִי – Root: חֵמָה; Form: Noun feminine singular + 1cs suffix; Translation: “my fury”; Notes: Symbol of divine anger.
- עֲלֵיהֶם – Root: עַל; Form: Preposition + 3mp suffix; Translation: “upon them”; Notes: Target of judgment.
- לְכַלֹּות – Root: כָּלָה; Form: Preposition לְ + Piel infinitive construct; Translation: “to consume”; Notes: Describes intent of total destruction.
- אַפִּי – Root: אַף; Form: Noun masculine singular + 1cs suffix; Translation: “my anger”; Notes: Anthropomorphic expression of wrath.
- בָּם – Root: הֵם; Form: Preposition בְּ + third mp suffix; Translation: “in them”; Notes: Object of divine wrath.
- בַּמִּדְבָּר – Root: מִדְבָּר; Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the wilderness”; Notes: Historical context of Israel’s disobedience.